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but rather

  • 1 μᾶλλον

    μᾶλλον (comp. of the adv. μάλα; Hom.+) ‘more, rather’
    ① to a greater or higher degree, more Phil 1:12. πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἔκραζεν he cried out even more loudly Mk 10:48; Lk 18:39. ἔτι μᾶλλον καὶ μᾶλλον more and more (cp. Diog. L. 9, 10, 2) Phil 1:9; Hs 9, 1, 8. ἐγὼ μᾶλλον I can do so even more Phil 3:4. The thing compared is introduced by ἤ (Apollon. Paradox. 9; Appian, Iber. 90 §392; Lucian, Adv. Ind. 2) Mt 18:13 or stands in the gen. of comparison (X., Mem. 4, 3, 8, Cyr. 3, 3, 45) πάντων ὑμῶν μ. γλώσσαις λαλῶ I (can) speak in tongues more than you all 1 Cor 14:18 (Just., A I, 12, 1 πάντων μᾶλλον ἀνθρώπων).—Abs. μ. can mean to a greater degree (than before), even more, now more than ever Lk 5:15; J 5:18; 19:8; Ac 5:14; 22:2; 2 Cor 7:7. Somet. it is also added to verbs: Σαῦλος μ. ἐνεδυναμοῦτο Ac 9:22.—In combination w. an adj. it takes the place of the comparative (Hom. et al.; Just., D. 107, 2 γενεὰν … μοιχαλίδα μ.; Synes., Ep. 123 p. 259d μ. ἄξιος) μακάριόν ἐστιν μᾶλλον Ac 20:35 (s. 3c below). καλόν ἐστιν αὐτῷ μᾶλλον Mk 9:42; cp. 1 Cor 9:15. πολλῷ μ. ἀναγκαῖά ἐστιν they are even more necessary 1 Cor 12:22. πολλὰ τ. τέκνα τῆς ἐρήμου μᾶλλον ἢ τῆς ἐχούσης τ. ἄνδρα the children of the desolate woman are numerous to a higher degree than (the children) of the woman who has a husband = the children are more numerous Gal 4:27 (Is 54:1).—Pleonastically w. words and expressions that already contain the idea ‘more’ (Kühner-G. I 26; OSchwab, Histor. Syntax der griech. Komparation III 1895, 59ff; B-D-F §246; Rob. 278) μ. διαφέρειν τινός Mt 6:26; Lk 12:24. περισσεύειν μᾶλλον 1 Th 4:1, 10; w. a comp. (Trag.; Hdt. 1, 32; X., Cyr. 2, 2, 12; Dio Chrys. 23 [40], 17; 32 [49], 14; Lucian, Gall. 13; Ps.-Lucian, Charid. 6; Just., A I, 19, 1 and D. 121, 2; Synes., Ep. 79 p. 227c; 103 p. 241d) πολλῷ μᾶλλον κρεῖσσον Phil 1:23. μᾶλλον περισσότερον ἐκήρυσσον Mk 7:36. περισσοτέρως μᾶλλον ἐχάρημεν we rejoiced still more 2 Cor 7:13. μ. ἐνδοξότεροι Hs 9, 28, 4. ὅσῳ δοκεῖ μ. μείζων εἶναι the more he seems to be great 1 Cl 48:6b.
    ② for a better reason, rather, all the more
    ⓐ rather, sooner (ApcMos 31 ἀνάστα μ., εὖξαι τῷ θεῷ) μ. χρῆσαι (X., Mem. 1, 2, 24) rather take advantage of it (i.e. either freedom or slavery) 1 Cor 7:21 (lit. on χράομαι 1a). The slaves who have Christian masters μᾶλλον δουλευέτωσαν should render them all the better service (so REB, NRSV) 1 Ti 6:2. νῦν πολλῷ μ. ἐν τ. ἀπουσίᾳ μου much more in my absence Phil 2:12. οὐ πολὺ μ. ὑποταγησόμεθα τ. πατρί; should we not much rather submit to the Father? Hb 12:9. τοσούτῳ μ. ὅσῳ all the more, since 10:25.
    ⓑ more (surely), more (certainly) πόσῳ μ. σοί how much more surely to you Phlm 16. πόσῳ μ. ὑμᾶς … ἐξεγείρει how much more will he raise you up (vivid use of the pres.) AcPlCor 2:31. πολλῷ μ. Ro 5:9 (s. HMüller, Der rabb. Qal-Wachomer Schluss. in paul. Theol., ZNW 58, ’67, 73–92). Very oft. a conditional clause (εἰ) precedes it (Epicurus in Diog. L. 10, 91 εἰ γὰρ …, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἄν=if …, how much more surely) εἰ τὸν χόρτον ὁ θεὸς οὕτως ἀμφιέννυσιν, οὐ πολλῷ μ. ὑμᾶς; if God so clothes the grass, (will God) not much more surely (clothe) you? Mt 6:30. Likew. εἰ … πολλῷ μ. Ro 5:10, 15, 17; 2 Cor 3:9, 11; εἰ … πόσῳ μ. if … how much more surely Mt 7:11; 10:25; Lk 11:13; 12:28; Ro 11:12, 24; Hb 9:14. εἰ … πῶς οὐχὶ μ.; if … why should not more surely? 2 Cor 3:8. εἰ … πολὺ μ. ἡμεῖς if … then much more surely we Hb 12:25. εἰ ἄλλοι … οὐ μᾶλλον ἡμεῖς; if others (have a claim), do we not more surely (have one)? 1 Cor 9:12 (μ. can also mean above all, especially, e.g. Himerius, Or. 40 [Or. 6], 2).—CMaurer, Der Schluss ‘a minore ad majus’ als Element paul. Theol., TLZ 85, ’60, 149–52.
    ③ marker of an alternative to someth., rather in the sense instead (of someth.)
    ⓐ following a negative that
    α. is expressed: μὴ εἰσέλθητε. πορεύεσθε δὲ μ. do not enter (into); go instead Mt 10:6. μὴ φοβεῖσθε … φοβεῖσθε δὲ μ. vs. 28; ἵνα μὴ τὸ χωλὸν ἐκτραπῇ, ἰαθῇ δὲ μ. Hb 12:13. μὴ …, μᾶλλον δέ Eph 4:28; 5:11. μὴ or οὐ …, ἀλλὰ μ. (TestBenj 8:3; JosAs 26:2 A [p. 80, 2 Bat.]; ParJer 2:5; Just., A I, 27, 5; Syntipas p. 17, 3; 43, 17) Mt 27:24; Mk 5:26; Ro 14:13; Eph 5:4; AcPt Ox 849, 20.
    β. is unexpressed, though easily supplied fr. the context: πορεύεσθε μ. (do not turn to us), rather go Mt 25:9. ἵνα μ. τὸν Βαραββᾶν that he should (release) Barabbas instead (of Jesus) Mk 15:11. ἥδιστα μᾶλλον καυχήσομαι (I will not pray for release), rather I will gladly boast 2 Cor 12:9. μᾶλλον παρακαλῶ (I do not order), rather I request Phlm 9; τοὐναντίον μ. on the other hand rather 2 Cor 2:7. μᾶλλον αἰσχυνθῶμεν we should be ashamed of ourselves (rather than mistrust Mary of Magdala) GMary Ox 463, 25.
    ⓑ οὐχὶ μᾶλλον not rather follows a positive statement: ὑμεῖς πεφυσιωμένοι ἐστέ, καὶ οὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἐπενθήσατε; you are puffed up; should you not rather be sad? 1 Cor 5:2. διὰ τί οὐχὶ μ. ἀδικεῖσθε; why do you not rather suffer wrong (instead of doing wrong to others)? 6:7a; cp. 7b.
    ⓒ μᾶλλον ἤ(περ) usually (exceptions: Ac 20:35 [Unknown Sayings, 77–81: this is not an exception, and renders ‘giving is blessed, not receiving’]; 1 Cor 9:15 [but see s.v. ἦ]; Gal 4:27) excludes fr. consideration the content of the phrase introduced by ἤ (Tat. 13, 3 θεομάχοι μ. ἤπερ θεοσεβεῖς; Appian, Iber. 26 §101 θαρρεῖν θεῷ μᾶλλον ἢ πλήθει στρατοῦ=put his trust in God, not in …) ἠγάπησαν οἱ ἄνθρωποι μ. τὸ σκότος ἢ τὸ φῶς people loved not light, but darkness J 3:19; cp. 12:43. ὑμῶν ἀκούειν μ. ἢ τοῦ θεοῦ, not obey God, but you instead Ac 4:19; cp. 5:29.—1 Ti 1:4; 2 Ti 3:4. τῷ ναυκλήρῳ μ. ἐπείθετο ἢ τοῖς ὑπὸ Παύλου λεγομένοις he did not pay attention to what Paul said, but to the captain of the ship Ac 27:11. Likew. μᾶλλον ἑλόμενος ἤ he chose the one rather than the other Hb 11:25.
    ⓓ μᾶλλον δέ but rather, or rather, or simply rather, introduces an expr. or thought that supplements and thereby corrects what has preceded (Aristoph., Plut. 634; X., Cyr. 5, 4, 49; Demosth. 18, 65; Philo, Aet. M. 23; Just., D. 27, 4; 29, 2; Ath. 17, 3 μ. δέ; cp. Ar.; Just., A I, 17, 4 and D. 79, 1 μ. δὲ καί) Χρ. Ἰ. ὁ ἀποθανών, μᾶλλον δὲ ἐγερθείς Chr. J. who died, yes rather was raised Ro 8:34. γνόντες θεόν, μᾶλλον δὲ γνωσθέντες ὑπὸ θεοῦ since you have known God, or rather have been known by God Gal 4:9; cp. 1 Cor 14:1, 5.—Rydbeck 80ff. DELG s.v. μάλα. M-M. EDNT.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > μᾶλλον

  • 2 ἀλλά

    ἀλλά (Hom.+; DELG s.v. ἄλλος; Schwyzer II 578) gener. adversative particle (orig. neut. pl. of ἄλλος, ‘otherwise’) indicating a difference with or contrast to what precedes, in the case of individual clauses as well as whole sentences
    ① after a negative or after μέν on the contrary, but, yet, rather
    ⓐ introducing a contrast οὐκ ἦλθον καταλῦσαι, ἀλλὰ πληρῶσαι Mt 5:17. οὐ πᾶς ὁ λέγων … ἀλλʼ ὁ ποιῶν 7:21. οὐκ ἀπέθανεν, ἀλλὰ καθεύδει Mk 5:39. οὐκέτι οὐδένα εἶδον, ἀλλὰ τὸν Ἰησοῦν μόνον 9:8 (v.l. εἰ μὴ τ. Ἰ.). οὐ … σαρκὶ ἀλλὰ μόνῳ πνεύματι AcPl Ant 13 (μόνον Aa I 237, 3). οὐκ ἔστι θεὸς νεκρῶν ἀλλὰ ζώντων Mt 22:32; Mk 12:27; Lk 20:38. ἀλλὰ καθῶς γέγραπται Ro 15:21 introduces a statement about a procedure that contrasts with what precedes.—W. ascensive force (B-D-F §448; Rob. 1187) οὐ μόνον … ἀλλὰ καί not only …, but also (EpArist oft.; TestJob 47:2f; Jos., Bell. 3, 102; Just., A I, 5, 4): οὐ μόνον δεθῆναι, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀποθανεῖν Ac 21:13. οὐ μόνον σὲ ἀλλὰ καὶ πάντας τοὺς ἀκούοντας 26:29; cp. 27:10; Ro 1:32; 4:12, 16; 9:24; 13:5; 2 Cor 8:10, 21; 9:12; Eph 1:21; Phil 1:29; 1 Th 1:5; 2:8; Hb 12:26; 1 Pt 2:18. W. the first member shortened (cp. TestJob 35:1) οὐ μόνον δέ, ἀλλὰ καί not only this (is the case), but also: οὐ μόνον δέ (sc. καυχώμεθα ἐπὶ τούτῳ), ἀλλὰ καὶ καυχώμεθα ἐν ταῖς θλίψεσιν Ro 5:3, cp. vs. 11; 8:23; 9:10; 2 Cor 8:19.—Introducing the main point after a question expressed or implied, which has been answered in the negative οὐχί, ἀλλὰ κληθήσεται Ἰωάννης no; rather his name shall be John Lk 1:60. οὐχί, λέγω ὑμῖν, ἀλλὰ ἐὰν μὴ μετανοῆτε no! I tell you; rather, if you do not repent 13:3, 5; cp. 16:30; J 7:12; Ac 16:37; Ro 3:27 (TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 5; 31f [Stone p. 12]; JosAs 4:15 al.; ApcMos 6) after μὴ γένοιτο, which serves as a strong negation 3:31; 7:7, 13; cp. 1 Cor 7:21. The neg. answer is omitted as obvious: (no,) instead of that 6:6 (as a declaration). Instead of ἀ.: ἀλλʼ ἤ Lk 12:51; B 2:8. Also after a negative and ἄλλος, as in Pla., X. et al. (Kühner-G. II 284f; IG IV, 951, 76 [320 B.C.]; PPetr II, 46a, 5 [200 B.C.]; Just., A II, 4, 2 al.; in rhetorical quest. PsSol 5:12; B-D-F §448, 8): except οὐ γὰρ ἄλλα γράφομεν ὑμῖν ἀλλʼ ἢ ἃ ἀναγινώσκετε for we write you nothing (else) except what you can understand 2 Cor 1:13. This construction οὐκ ἄλλος ἀλλʼ ἤ is a combination of οὐκ ἄλλος …, ἀλλά (PTebt 104, 19 [92 B.C.] μὴ ἐξέστω Φιλίσκωνι γυναῖκα ἄλλην ἐπαγαγέσθαι, ἀλλὰ Ἀπολλωνίαν) 1 Cl 51:5, and οὐκ ἄλλος ἤ … (Ps.-Clem., Hom. 16, 20).
    ⓑ within the same clause, used to contrast single words (Just., A I, 15, 7 οὐ τούς δικαίους … ἀλλὰ τούς ἀσεβεῖς, D. 48, 1): οὐ … δικαίους ἀλλʼ ἁμαρτωλούς Mt 9:13; Lk 5:32. οὐκ ἐμὲ δέχεται ἀλλὰ τὸν ἀποστείλαντά με Mk 9:37. ἀλλʼ οὐ τί ἐγὼ θέλω ἀλλὰ τί σύ 14:36, cp. J 5:30; 6:38. ἡ ἐμὴ διδαχὴ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὴ ἀλλὰ τοῦ πέμψαντός με 7:16. οὐκ ἐγὼ ἀλλὰ ὁ κύριος 1 Cor 7:10. οὐ τῇ πορνείᾳ, ἀλλὰ τῷ κυρίῳ 6:13. οὐκ εἰς τὸ κρεῖσσον ἀλλὰ εἰς τὸ ἧσσον 11:17. οὐκ ἔστιν ἓν μέλος ἀλλὰ πολλά 12:14. οὐκ εἰς τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἀλλʼ εἰς τὸ πονηρόν D 5:2. οὐχ ὡς διδάσκαλος ἀλλʼ ὡς εἷς ἐξ ὑμῶν B 1:8 al. In Mt 20:23, οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὸν τοῦτο δοῦναι, ἀλλʼ οἷς ἡτοίμασται ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρός μου has been shortened from οὐκ ἐμὸν … ἀλλὰ τοῦ πατρός, ὅς δώσει οἷς ἡτοίμασται ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ.—But s. WBeck, CTM 21, ’50, 606–10 for the mng. except for Mt 20:23=Mk 10:40, and Mk 4:22, also 9:8 v.l. (for εἰ μή); D 9:5. So also B-D-F §448, 8; Mlt-Turner 330; MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 113f.—After μὲν, to indicate that a limiting phrase is to follow πάντα μὲν καθαρά, ἀλλὰ κακὸν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ Ro 14:20. σὺ μὲν γὰρ καλῶς εὐχαριστεῖς, ἀλλʼ ὁ ἕτερος οὐκ οἰκοδομεῖται 1 Cor 14:17.—The use of ἀλλά in the Johannine lit. is noteworthy, in that the parts contrasted are not always of equal standing grammatically: οὐκ ἦν ἐκεῖνος τὸ φῶς ἀλλʼ ἵνα μαρτυρήσῃ περὶ τοῦ φωτός=ἀλλὰ μαρτυρῶν π. τ. φ. J 1:8; οὐκ ᾔδειν αὐτόν ἀλλʼ … ἦλθον although I did not know him, yet I came vs. 31. εἶπον [ὅτι] οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐγὼ ὁ Χριστός, ἀλλʼ ὅτι I said, ‘I am not the Christ; rather, I was sent before him’ 3:28. οὔτε οὗτος ἥμαρτεν οὔτε οἱ γονεῖς αὐτοῦ, ἀλλʼ ἵνα φανερωθῇ neither this man has sinned, nor his parents, but (he was born blind) that … might be revealed 9:3.
    ② when whole clauses are compared, ἀλλά can indicate a transition to someth. different or contrasted: the other side of a matter or issue, but, yet. δεῖ γὰρ γενέσθαι, ἀλλʼ οὔπω ἐστὶν τὸ τέλος Mt 24:6, cp. Lk 21:9. κεκοίμηται• ἀλλὰ πορεύομαι ἵνα ἐξυπνίσω αὐτόν J 11:11, cp. vs. 15; 16:20; Lk 22:36; J 4:23; 6:36, 64; 8:37; Ac 9:6; Ro 10:18f. ἁμαρτία οὐκ ἐλλογεῖται … ἀλλὰ … sin is not charged; nevertheless … 5:13f. Introducing an objection, ἀλλὰ ἐρεῖ τις (Jos., Bell. 7, 363 and Just., A I, 7, 1 ἀλλὰ φήσει τις) probably colloq. = ‘well’, someone will say: 1 Cor 15:35; Js 2:18 (difft. DWatson, NTS 39 ’93, 94–121). Taking back or limiting a preceding statement παρένεγκε τὸ ποτήριον τοῦτο ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ• ἀλλʼ οὐ τί ἐγὼ θέλω Mk 14:36. ἀλλʼ οὐχ ὡς τὸ παράπτωμα, οὔτως καὶ τὸ χάρισμα Ro 5:15. ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἐχρησάμεθα τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ ταύτῃ 1 Cor 9:12. ἀλλὰ ἕκαστος ἴδιον ἔχει χάρισμα 7:7. ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ τούτου δὲ εἴρηται D 1:6.—In ἀλλʼ, οὐ πάντες οἱ ἐξελθόντες … ; in Hb 3:16 ἀλλʼ, in the opinion of some, seems to owe its origin solely to a misunderstanding of the preceding τίνες as τινές by an early copyist (B-D-F §448, 4), but here ἀλλά may convey strong asseveration surely (so REB). See 3 below.
    ③ before independent clauses, to indicate that the preceding is to be regarded as a settled matter, thus forming a transition to someth. new (Just., A I, 3; 10, 1) other matter for additional consideration, but ἀλλὰ ὁ ὄχλος οὗτος … ἐπάρατοί εἰσιν but this rabble … is accursed J 7:49. ἀλλʼ ἐν τούτοις πᾶσιν ὑπερνικῶμεν (no, not at all!) but in all these we are more than conquerors Ro 8:37. ἀλλʼ ὅτι ἃ θύουσιν, δαιμονίοις … θύουσιν (no!) but they (the gentiles) offer what they sacrifice to inferior deities 1 Cor 10:20 (their second-rate status is Paul’s connotation). Cp. Gal 2:3 and Mt 11:7f ἀλλὰ τί ἐξήλθατε ἰδεῖν; (you could not have wanted to see that;) but what did you go out to see? Also to be explained elliptically is the ascensive ἀλλὰ καί (and not only this,) but also Lk 12:7; 16:21; 24:22; Phil 1:18 (Ath. 21, 4); negative ἀλλʼ οὐδέ Lk 23:15; Ac 19:2; 1 Cor 3:2; 4:3 (Ar. 9:1); strengthened ἀλλά γε καί indeed Lk 24:21; ἀλλὰ μὲν οὖν γε καί Phil 3:8; Hb 3:16 (s. 2 above) may well be rendered (as NEB) all those, surely, whom Moses had led out of Egypt (cp. Dio Chrys. 33, 36; 47, 3).
    ④ for strong alternative/additional consideration
    ⓐ in the apodosis of conditional sentences, yet, certainly, at least εἰ καὶ πάντες σκανδαλισθήσονται, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἐγώ certainly I will not Mk 14:29; cp. 1 Cor 8:6; 2 Cor 4:16; 5:16; 11:6; strengthened ἀλλὰ καί: εἰ γὰρ σύμφυτοι γεγόναμεν …, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως (sc. σύμφυτοι) ἐσόμεθα we shall certainly be united w. him in his resurrection Ro 6:5; limited by γε (ἀλλʼ οὖν γε Just., D. 76, 6; 93, 1): εἰ ἄλλοις οὐκ εἰμὶ ἀπόστολος, ἀλλά γε ὑμῖν εἰμι at least I am one to you 1 Cor 9:2 (cp. X., Cyr. 1, 3, 6; B-D-F §439, 2). ἐὰν γὰρ μυρίους παιδαγωγοὺς ἔχητε ἐν Χριστῷ, ἀλλʼ οὐ πολλοὺς πατέρας certainly not many fathers 1 Cor 4:15.
    ⓑ rhetorically ascensive: (not only this,) but rather πόσην κατειργάσατο ὑμῖν σπουδήν, ἀ. ἀπολογίαν, ἀ. ἀγανάκτησιν, ἀ. φόβον, ἀ. ἐπιπόθησιν, ἀ. ζῆλον, ἀ. ἐκδίκησιν even, yes indeed 2 Cor 7:11. On Eph 5:24 s. 5 below.
    ⑤ w. an impv. to strengthen the command: now, then (Arrian, Anab. 5, 26, 4 ἀλλὰ παραμείνατε=so hold on! JosAs 13:9; ApcMos 3; SibOr 3, 624; 632; Jos., Ant. 4, 145): ἀλλὰ ἐλθὼν ἐπίθες τὴν χεῖρά σου now come and lay your hand on her Mt 9:18. ἀλλʼ εἴ τι δύνῃ, βοήθησον now help me, if you can (in any way) Mk 9:22. ἀλλὰ ὑπάγετε εἴπατε now go and tell 16:7. ἀλλὰ ἀναστὰς κατάβηθι Ac 10:20. ἀλλὰ ἀνάστηθι 26:16 (JosAs 14:11).—In same sense w. subjunctive ἀλλʼ … ἀπειλησώμεθα αὐτοῖς μηκέτι λαλεῖν now let us warn them not to speak any longer 4:17. ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ ἐν παντὶ περισσεύετε … ἵνα καὶ ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ χάριτι περισσεύητε 2 Cor 8:7. Unless Eph 5:24 is to be placed in 4b, it is prob. to be understood as an ellipsis, and can be expanded thus: then just as the church is subject to Christ, wives should also be subject to their husbands. Yet ἀλλά is also used to introduce an inference from what precedes: so, therefore, accordingly (e.g. Aristoph., Ach. 1189 ὁδὶ δὲ καὐτός. Ἀλλʼ ἄνοιγε τὴν θύραν=‘here he is in person. So open the door’, Birds 1718; Herodas 7, 89; Artem. 4, 27 p. 219, 22; cp. AMoorehouse, ClQ 46, ’52, 100–104 on ‘progressive’ ἀλλά as Od. 3, 388).—M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀλλά

  • 3 μάλα

    μάλα [ μᾰλᾰ; but Hom. sts. uses the ult. long before λ, Il.3.214, 4.379; before μ, 10.172], Adv.
    A very, exceedingly, prefixed or subjoined to Adjectives, Verbs, and Adverbs:
    1 strengthening the word with which it stands,
    a with Adjs., in Hom. most freq., μάλα πολλά very many, Od.1.1; μ. πᾶσα, μ. πάντα, every one, all together, Il.13.741, Od.2.306, etc.; μάλ' ἀσκηθής all unhurt, 5.26; ἀβληχρὸς μ. τοῖος quite gentle, 11.135; σαρδάνιον μ. τοῖον a quite sardonic smile, 20.302;

    μάλα μυρίοι 15.556

    , 16.121, etc.; ἐμέο πρότερος μ. actually before me, Il.10.124; later, μ. φιλόσοφοι, πλάτανος μάλ' ἀμφιλαφής, etc., Pl.Prm. 126b, Phdr. 230b, etc.: strengthd., μ. δὴ πρεσβύτης very old, X.Cyr.8.7.1;

    μ. γέ τινες ὀλίγοι Pl.R. 531e

    .
    b with Advs., πάγχυ μ., μ. πάγχυ, quite utterly, Il.12.165, 14.143;

    πάνυ μ. Pl.Phd. 80c

    ; εὖ μ. right well, Od.22.190, Pl.Phd. 92d, etc.;

    μάλα.. εὖ Od.23.175

    , cf. Pl.Tht. 156a; μάλ' αὐτίκα (v. αὐτίκα) ; μάλ' αἰεί for ever and aye, Il.13.557, 23.717; ἄχρι μ. κνέφαος until quite dark, Od.18.370; μάλ' ὧδε just in this way, 6.258; μ. διαμπερές right through, Il.20.362; μ. μόλις (v. μόλις); to express repeated action,

    μάλ' αὖθις A.Ag. 1345

    , Ch. 654;

    μάλ' αὖ S.El. 1410

    , etc.; μ. alone,

    ἔα, ἔα μ. A.Ch. 870

    ;

    οἲ μ. καὶ τόδ' ἀλγῶ Id.Pers. 1045

     (lyr.);

    εἶα μ. Ar. Pax 460s

    q. (so

    ἄλλος πύργος.., καὶ ἕτερος μ. ἐπὶ τούτῳ Hdt. 1.181

    , cf. 7.186): freq. after

    καί, αὗταί σ' ὁδηγήσουσι καὶ μάλ' ἀσμένως A.Pr. 728

    , cf. Ch. 879: with neg., μάλ' οὐ, μάλ' οὔ πως, Il.2.241, Od. 5.103;

    οὐ μ. Hdt.1.93

    , 2.37, S.Ph. 676 (lyr.).
    c with Verbs,

    μήτ' ἄρ με μάλ' αἴνεε Il.10.249

    ;

    μ. τ' ἔκλυον αὐτοῦ 1.218

    ; ἡ δὲ μάλ' ἡνιόχευεν drove carefully, Od.6.319; μ... προπέμπει in earnest, A.Th. 915 (lyr.), cf. Eu. 368 (lyr.);

    καὶ μ. δοκοῦντας φρονίμους εἶναι X.Cyr.6.1.36

    ;

    μ. πολιορκούμενοι Id.HG7.1.25

    .
    2 strengthening an assertion, νῦν σε μ. χρὴ αἰχμητὴν ἔμεναι, i.e. now or never, Il.16.492; τῷ κε μάλ' ἤ κεν μεῖνε .. then doubtless he would have stayed, Od.4.733; σοὶ δὲ μάλ' ἕψομ' ἐγώ yes indeed.., Il.10.108; ἀλλὰ μάλ' ὤφελλες why plainly.., Od.4.472: freq. with another word, as ἦ μ. δή .. now in very truth, Il.5.422, etc.;

    ἦ δή που μ. 21.583

    ; freq. ἦ μ. (without δή) 3.204, etc.
    3 in Hom. sts. after εἰ, as εἰ μ. μιν χόλος ἵκοι if wrath come on him ever so much, Il.17.399, cf. Od.5.485, al.;

    καὶ εἰ μ. τις πολεμίζοι Il.9.318

    ; also μ. περ c. part., μ. περ μεμαώς though desiring never so much, 13.317, cf. 14.58, 17.710, al.;

    καὶ μ. περ 1.217

    , cf. 17.571;

    καὶ εὐρέα περ μάλ' ἐόντα Od.18.385

    .
    4 in [dialect] Att. freq. in answers, yes, certainly,

    μ. γε Pl.R. 555d

    , 564e, etc.;

    μ. τοι X.Mem.1.2.46

    ;

    καὶ μ. Pl.Phdr. 258c

    ;

    καὶ μ. γε Id.Tht. 148c

    , etc.; καὶ μ. δή ib. 177a; καὶ μ. ἐπαύσατο certainly it stopped, Id.Smp. 189a, etc.
    II [comp] Comp. [full] μᾶλλον [[pron. full] ᾱ by nature, Hdn.Gr.2.932], [dialect] Ion. [full] μάλιον [pron. full] [ᾰ] only in Tyrt.12.6, cf. Choerob.in An.Ox.2.240; late [dialect] Dor. [full] μαλλότερον Pempel. ap. Stob.4.25.52:—more, rather, Il.5.231, Od.1.351, al.: mostly folld. by ἤ, but in Prose also by a gen., μ. τοῦ ξυμφέροντος more than is expedient, Antipho 5.1;

    μ. τοῦ δέοντος Pl.Grg. 487b

    , X.Mem.4.3.8 (sts. expressed by μᾶλλον alone, Pl. Phd. 63d);

    οὐπώποτ' ἔργου μ. εἱλόμην λόγους E.Fr. 394

    ; παντὸς μ. most assuredly, Pl.Lg. 715d (v. infr. 8); in Id.Ap. 36d, οὐκ ἔσθ' ὅτι μ. πρέπει οὕτως, ὡς.., ὡς is prob. = ἤ (v. ὡς): denoting a constant increase, more and more, sts. doubled,

    μ. μ. E.IT 1406

    , Ar.Ra. 1001 (lyr.), Alex.29: in positive sense, exceedingly,

    κηρόθι μ. Il.9.300

    , Od.15.370, al.:—Usage:
    1 freq. strengthened by other words,

    πολὺ μ. Il.9.700

    , etc.;

    ἔτι μ. 14.97

    , al.;

    μ. ἔτ' ἢ τὸ πάροιθεν Od.1.322

    ;

    καὶ μ. Il.8.470

    ;

    καὶ μ. ἔτι Od.18.22

    ;

    ἔτι καὶ μ. Pi.P.10.57

    ;

    ἔτι καὶ πολὺ μ. Il.23.386

    , 429, Hes.Th. 428;

    ἐπὶ μ. Hdt.3.104

    ;

    ἔτι ἐπὶ μ. Id.1.94

    ;

    πολλῷ μ. Pl.Phd. 80e

    , 1 Ep.Cor.12.22: also modified, μᾶλλόν τι somewhat more,

    μ. τι περιημέκτεε Hdt.1.114

    , cf.50, etc.;

    μ. ἤδη προσδεχομένου Th.8.71

    .
    2 sts. with a second [comp] Comp.,

    ῥηΐτεροι μ. Il.24.243

    , cf. Hdt.1.32, A.Th. 673, Supp. 279, S.Ant. 1210, E.El. 222, Pl. Phd. 79e, Is.4.14 (s.v.l.), Arist.Top. 116b24.
    3 μᾶλλον δέ much more.., or rather.., to correct a statement already made,

    ὁ δεσπότης πέπραγεν εὐτυχέστατα, μ. δ' ὁ Πλοῦτος αὐτός Ar.Pl. 634

    ;

    πολλοί, μ. δὲ πάντες D.18.65

    , cf. Pl.Smp. 173e; so

    ἢ μ. Corn.ND20

    , Simp.in Ph.25.16; οὐχὶ μ. ἤ .. not so, but rather so.., Th.2.87.
    4 μ. δὲ καὶ ἡσυχαίτερα more or less violent, Id.3.82.
    5 οὐδὲν μ. none the more, ib.79;

    οὐδέν τι μ. Pl.Phd. 87d

    ; μηδέν τι μ. ἤ .. S.Aj. 280.
    6 μ. ἤ .. folld. by οὐ in comparisons, where preference implies rejection or denial,

    πόλιν ὅλην διαφθεῖραι μᾶλλον ἤ οὐ τοὺς αἰτίους Th.3.36

    : preceded by another neg., Hdt.4.118, 5.94, 7.16. γ, etc.: by an interrog. which conveys a neg. force, τίδεῖ.. μᾶλλον, ἤ οὐ .. ; X.HG6.3.15.
    7 τὸ μ. καὶ ἧττον, a form of argument, a fortiori, Arist.Rh. 1397b12.
    8 παντὸς μ., v. πᾶς 111.4.
    III [comp] Sup. [full] μάλιστα most of all, above all, Hom., etc.;

    πᾶσι, μάλιστα δ' ἐμοί Od.21.353

    ; μ. μὲν.., ἔπειτα or ἔπειτα δέ .., first and above all.., next.., S.OT 647, cf. Ph. 1285; μ. μὲν.., δεύτερον δὲ .. Is.2.20; μ. μὲν.., εἰ δὲ μὴ .. Hdt.8.22, Th.1.40, Pl.R. 590d, D.20.25, etc.;

    τοῦτο δ' ἐστὶ μ. μὲν θάνατος, εἰ δὲ μή, πάντα τὰ ὄντα ἀφελέσθαι Id.21.152

    ; μάλιστα μὲν.., μᾶλλον μέντοι .. Pl.Smp. 180b; μάλιστα.., εἰ μὴ δ' .. S.Ph. 617; δοκέων μιν μ. ταύτης ἂν πείθεσθαι certainly, Hdt.3.53; τί μ.; what precisely? Pl.Grg. 448d, cf. Men. 80b, Smp. 218c: c. gen. partit.,

    μ. πάντων Hdt.2.37

    , Pl.Prt. 327a, cf. Th. 4.86; τὸ μ. πάντων the supreme reality, Plot.5.5.11; τὸ μ. εἶναι the highest degree of being, Id.6.2.7.
    1 strengthd., ὡς μ. certainly, A.Supp. 294, Pl.R. 460a, etc.;

    ὅσον μ. A.Pr. 524

    ;

    ὅσα ἐδύνατο μ. Hdt.1.185

    ;

    ὡς δύναμαι μ. Pl.R. 367b

    ;

    ὡς οἷόν τε μ. Id.Grg. 510b

    ;

    εἰς ὅσον ἀνθρώπῳ δυνατὸν μ. Id.Phdr. 277a

    ;

    ὅτι μ. δύνασαι Id.Sph. 239b

    ;

    μακρῷ μ. Hdt.1.171

    ;

    πολλῷ μ. Paus.1.42.3

    ;

    παντὸς μ. D.H.3.35

    , etc.
    2 with the Art., ἐς τὰ μ. in the highest degree, Hdt.1.20, 2.76, Th.6.104, 8.6, D.21.212: without

    ἐς, φίλοι τὰ μ. Hdt.2.147

    , cf.Th. 1.92, D.21.62;

    τά γε μ. Pl.Lg. 794d

    ; εἰ τὰ μ. ἦσαν ἀληθεῖς if they were ever so true, D.18.95; εἰ τὰ μ. μὴ τινές, ἀλλὰ πάντες .. if ( to put an extreme case) not some, but all.., Id.20.2;

    εἰ.. δοκοίη τὰ μ. Id.18.21

    ; ἀνὴρ δόκιμος ὁμοῖα τῷ μ. as famous as he that is most [famous], Hdt.7.118, cf. 3.8;

    τοῖς μάλισθ' ὁμοίως D.Ep.2.24

    .
    b ἐν τοῖς μ. especially, as much as any, Th.8.90, Pl.Smp. 173b, etc.: with a [comp] Sup.,

    ἐν τοῖς μ. ὠμότατος Ael.VH14.40

    ;

    φιλτάτη καὶ ἀναγκαιοτάτη ἐν τοῖς μ. Procop.Arc.4

    .
    3 added to a [comp] Sup. (v.

    μάλα 11.2

    , πλεῖστον) , ἔχθιστος μ., μ. φίλτατος, Il.2.220, 24.334;

    μ. κῃ ἐμφερέστατα Hdt.2.76

    ;

    μ. φίλτατος E.Hipp. 1421

    : to a [comp] Comp. (?),

    μ. δὴ ὀκνηρότεροι ἐγένοντο Th.4.55

    .
    4 μάλιστα for

    μᾶλλον, μ. τῆς κόρης E.IA[1594]

    ;

    μ. ἤ ἐμοί A.R.3.91

    .
    5 with numerals, in round numbers, about, Th.3.29, 92, X.HG5.2.31, etc.; πεντήκοντα μάλιστα is 49 in Th.1.118;

    ἑκατοστὸς μ. 99t

    h, Id.8.68; ἐς μέσον μάλιστά κῃ about the middle, Hdt. 1.191, cf. 76;

    ἥμισυ μ. Th.1.93

    ; μ. σφᾶς μεσοῦν δειπνοῦντας that they were about the middle of supper, Pl.Smp. 175c;

    κου μ. Hdt.7.22

    ;

    μ. πως Plb.2.41.13

    .
    6 in answers, most certainly, Ar.Pl. 827, etc.;

    μ. γε S.OT 994

    , Ar.Nu. 253;

    μ. πάντων Id.Av. 1531

    ;

    πάντων μ. Pl.Grg. 453d

    ; v. supr.1.4. (Orig. perh. fiercely, cf. μαλερός.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μάλα

  • 4 πλήν

    ① adv. used as conj. (Trag.+), coming at the beginning of a sentence or clause: marker of someth. that is contrastingly added for consideration
    ⓐ adversative but: μὲν … πλήν (indeed) … but (s. B-D-F §447, 6; Rob. 1187) Lk 22:22.
    ⓑ only, nevertheless, but (πλήν rather than ἀλλά is the real colloq. word for this idea [Schmid I 133]), so in Mt and Lk but not in Ac (B-D-F §449, 1.—See L-S-J-M s.v. B III 2) πλὴν λέγω ὑμῖν nevertheless I tell you Mt 11:22, 24 (ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν in the corresp. pass. Mt 10:15); 26:64 (Mt 17:12 λέγω δὲ ὑμῖν; Mk 9:13 ἀλλὰ λέγω ὑμῖν; cp. ApcMos 39 πλὴν οὖν λέγω σοι). πλὴν οὐαί Mt 18:7; Lk 17:1 (οὐαὶ δὲ v.l.). πλὴν οὐχ ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω, ἀλλʼ ὡς σύ Mt 26:39; cp. Lk 22:42 (Mk 14:36 ἀλλʼ οὐ τί ἐγὼ θέλω).—Lk 6:24, 35; 10:11, 14, 20; 11:41; 13:33; 18:8; 19:27; 22:21.—Also looking back at a neg. (TestZeb 1:5; JosAs 23:15; ApcMos 19; Just., D. 44, 2; 88, 7; 93, 1): μὴ κλαίετε ἐπʼ ἐμέ, πλὴν ἐφʼ ἑαυτὰς κλαίετε do not weep for me, but (rather) weep for yourselves Lk 23:28. μὴ ζητεῖτε … πλὴν ζητεῖτε 12:(29–) 31.
    ⓒ only, in any case, on the other hand, but, breaking off a discussion and emphasizing what is important (JosAs 14:9; Mel., P. 95, 729; UPZ 110, 207 [164 B.C.]; Sb 6994, 28; B-D-F §449, 2; Rob. 1187; s. L-S-J-M s.v. B III 2), so in Paul 1 Cor 11:11; Eph 5:33; Phil 3:16; 4:14. Perh. 1:18 τί γάρ; πλὴν ὅτι … what then? In any case … (but the text is not certain; s. also d); Rv 2:25.
    ⓓ πλὴν ὅτι except that (Aristoph., Pla., Hdt. et al.; Hero Alex. I p. 188, 1; Dionys. Hal., Comp. Verb. 14, end; Plut., Cato Maj. 350 [23, 6]; Just., A I, 21, 4; D. 71, 3; Schwyzer II 543) Ac 20:23. Perh. also Phil 1:18 (s. c above) τί γὰρ πλὴν ὅτι … ; what then will come of it, except that … ?
    ⓔ breaking off and passing to a new subject only, but (exx. in L-S-J-M πλήν B III 2.—Polyb. 2, 17, 1; Plut., Pericl. 170 [34, 1]; Tat. 36, 1 begin new sections with πλήν) πλὴν ἰδοὺ ἡ χεὶρ κτλ. but here is (my informer’s) hand with mine on the table (the narration passes from the institution of the Eucharist to a prediction of Judas’s role as informer) Lk 22:21.
    ② used as prep. w. gen. as marker denoting an exception, except, in ref. to pers. or thing (since Od. 8, 207; ins, pap, LXX [Johannessohn, Präp. 342–44; Schwyzer II 542]; TestSol 13:12 C; TestAbr A 8 p. 85, 22 [Stone p. 18]; TestIss 7:2; JosAs 2:16; 5:10; ApcSed; Ar. 15, 3; Just., A I, 53, 6 al.; B-D-F §216, 2; Rob. 646 [cp. the use of παρὰ w. acc. in this sense Plut., Cat. Min. 768 (20), Ant. 918 (5); s. L-S-J-M παρὰ C III 5b]) mostly after neg. statements: Mk 12:32 (οὐκ ἄλλος πλήν as Jos., Ant. 1, 182); J 8:10 v.l.; Ac 15:28; 27:22. After a positive statement (Thu. 4, 54, 2; X., An. 2, 4, 27; Appian, Liby. 14 §59; Jos., Ant. 12, 422 ἔφυγον πάντες πλὴν ὀκτακοσίων) Ac 8:1.—DELG. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πλήν

  • 5 ὅρπηξ

    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `sprig, twig, (shaft of a) spear' (Φ 38, Hes. Op. 468);
    Other forms: (ὄ-), Dor. Aeol. -ᾱξ, - κος.
    Compounds: εὑ-όρπηξ `with fair twigs' (Nonn.).
    Derivatives: No derivv.
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: Formation like σκώληξ, κάχληξ, νάρθηξ a.o. (Chantraine Form. 381, Schwyzer 497), without certain etymology. Acc. to Walde (-P.) 1, 277 a. 2, 502 as a supposition to Lith. várpa `ear' (unconvinving on várpa Fraenkel s.v.), not very illuminating. Not with Brugmann Grundr.2 I 477 to Lat. sarpō `trim the vines', sarmentum `osiers' (cf. on ἅρπη `sickle'). Rather with Curtius 265, Bechtel Glotta 1, 73, Lex. s.v. to ἕρπω (first from *ὅρπος, -η?), but prob. not in the gen. a. secondary meaning `go, move', but rather as "the crawler, the sneaker" referring to a slow and regular, movement over the ground. -- Diff. Gonda Mnem. 3:6, 160 ff.: to IE * ser- `(pointed) twig' (?) w. farreaching combinations; Haas Ling. Posn. 7,75: "Pelasgian" to Lith. vir̃bas `twig'. - Rather a Pre-Greek word; note the suffix -ᾱκ-.
    Page in Frisk: 2,427

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὅρπηξ

  • 6 πέτομαι

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `to fly' (Il.).
    Other forms: Aor. πτάσθαι, πτέσθαι (all Il.); to this pres. πέταμαι (poet. since Sapph., Arist.) with aor. πετασθῆναι (Arist., LXX), ἴπταμαι (late; s. v.); aor. act. πτῆναι, ptc. πτάς etc. (poet. Hes., also hell. prose); fut. πτήσομαι (IA.), πετήσομαι (Ar.), perf. κατ-έπτηκα (Men.).
    Compounds: Very often w. prefix, e.g. ἀνα-, ἀπο-, δια-, εἰσ-, ἐκ-, κατα-, ὑπερ-. Compounds: a. - πέτης, Dor. - πέτας m.., e.g. ὑψι-πέτης, - ας m. `flying high' (Hom., Pi.), enlarged - ήεις (Hom.); b. - πετής, e.g. ὑπερπετ-ής `flying over' (hell.); c. ἐκπετ-ήσιμος `ready to fly' (Ar. a.o.; hypothesis on the formation in Arbenz 60); d. ἀερσι-πότης and - πότη-τος `flying high' (Hes., AP, Norm.); in spite of Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 95 rather to ποτάομαι as from ποτή.
    Derivatives: 1. ποτή f. `flying, flight' (ε 337, h. Merc. 544 [v. l. πτερύγεσσι]); 2. πτῆσις f. `id.' (A., Arist.) with πτήσιμος (Jul.; Arbenz 61); πτῆμα n. `id.' (Suid.). 3. Adj. w. νο-suffix: a. πτηνός, Dor. πτᾱνός `winged, fledged' (Pi., trag., Pl.); b. πετεινός, - ηνός `id.' (Thgn.; Πετήνη Att. shipsname [inscr.]), hardly from *πέτος (cf. Chantraine Form. 196, Benveniste Origines 14), but rather direct from πέτομαι after φαεινός, ὀρεινός a.o.; πετηνός after πτηνός?; c. πετε-ηνός, - εινός `id.' (Il.), w. diektasis (Risch $ 35 d); d. ποτᾱνός `id.' (Pi., Epich., trag. in lyr.; - ηνός ep. poetry in Pl. Phdr. 252 b), prob. rather after ποτάομαι as with Detschew KZ 63, 228 from the rare ποτή. -- 4. Deverbat.: ποτάομαι, - έομαι, also w. ἀμφι-, περι-, ἐκ- a.o., `to fly, to flap' (Il.); πωτάομαι, also w. ἐκ-, ἐπι-, ὑπερ-, `id.' (Μ 287, h. Ap. 442 a.o.; cf. Schwyzer 719 n. 3); to this πωτήεις `flapping' (Nonn.), also πωτήματα pl. `flight' (A. Eu. 250; usu. with Dindorf corrected in ποτ-). -- On πτερόν, πτέρυξ s. vv.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [825] * peth₂- `fly, swoop down, fall'
    Etymology: Beside the thematic πέτ-ο-μαι, πτ-έ-σθαι stands the athematic zero grade root-aorist πτά-σθαι, ἔ-πτα-το, πτά-μενος wie φθά-μενος ( φθί-μενος, φθί-σθαι, ἔ-φθι-το). The corresponding full grade in πτῆ-ναι, ἔ-πτᾱ-ν, πτή-σομαι can be old (s. however below). More doubtful is the originality of the disyll. πέτα-μαι, as analogy to πτά-σθαι after πτέ-σθαι: πέτο-μαι may be considered. Certain innovations are ἴπταμαι (after ἵσταμαι) and πετή-σομαι (after πέτομαι). Details w. lit. in Schwyzer 742 a. 681 w. n. 9. -- With πέτομαι agree formally, partly also semantically, Skt., OIr., Lat. a. Celt. forms, e.g. Skt. pátati, Av. pataiti `fly, fall, attack, hurry etc.', Lat. petō `move somewhere, hurry, look for, desire', OWelsh hedant `volant'; doubtful on the contrary the in any case diff. built Hitt. piddāi- (pittii̯ami, pittāizzi usw.) `run, hurry, flee'. Thus ποτέομαι and Skt. patáyati `fly, hurry' agree; however πωτάομαι is independent of Skt. pātáyati `let fall, throw down'. Further the Greek a. Skt. systems are apart. Beside the zero grade thematic Aorist πτ-έσθαι, ἐ-πτ-όμην stands in Skt. an also zero grade and thematic but reduplicated aor. a-pa-pt-at. The zero grade πτᾰ- in πτά-σθαι is found in forms like pa-pti-ma (pf. 1. pl.) (IE pth₂-); the corresponding full grade ptā- is however not represented in Skt. (so πτῆ-ναι analogical after φθῆ-ναι, στῆ-ναι a.o.?, Schwyzer 742). Thus the disyll. πετᾰ- in πέτα-μαι and pati- (e.g. fut. pati-ṣyáti) go without historical connection side by side. -- Further forms w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 19ff., Pok. 825f., W.-Hofmann s. petō. Cf. πίπτω, not πίτυλος.
    Page in Frisk: 2,521-522

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πέτομαι

  • 7 οὐχί

    οὐχί (a strengthened form of οὐ; Hom.+; Attic wr.; SIG 646, 41 [170 B.C.]; 834, 18; PSI 499, 4 [257/256 B.C.]; PEdg 111 [=Sb 6994], 27; LXX; En; TestSol, TestJob, JosAs; ApcEsdr 2:13=p. 26, 6 Tdf.; ApcMos; Jos., Ant. 17, 312 al.; Just., Tat.) ‘not’ (B-D-F §432; 427, 2; Rob. 296; 917 al.).
    ① a simple negative, not (so in many of the pass. mentioned above) οὐχὶ πάντες καθαροί ἐστε J 13:11; cp. vs. 10 (ἀλλʼ οὐχί as Jos., Ant. 8, 279; Just., A I, 6, 1); 14:22; 1 Cor 6:1. οὐχὶ μή Lk 18:30. οὐχὶ μᾶλλον not rather 1 Cor 5:2 (cp. Just., D. 95, 1f). Foll. by ἀλλά not … but (TestJob 38:6; Just., A I, 23, 1) 10:29; 2 Cor 10:13 v.l. (for οὐκ); 12:10.
    ② a negative reply, no, by no means w. ἀλλά foll. (X., Cyr. 1, 3, 4 codd.; Gen 18:15; 19:2; 42:12; TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 5 [Stone p. 12] al.; JosAs 1:14) Lk 1:60; 16:30; J 9:9; Ro 3:27. οὐχί, λέγω ὑμῖν, ἀλλά no, I tell you, but rather Lk 12:51; 13:3, 5. (S. Schwyzer II 597.)
    ③ an interrogative word in questions that expect an affirmative answer, not? (X., Cyr. 8, 3, 46; PGrenf I, 1 I, 25 [II B.C.]; Gen 40:8; Judg 4:6; TestAbr B 10 p. 115, 5 [Stone p, 78]; JosAs 6:5; ApcEsdr 2:13; Just., D. 49, 2) οὐχὶ καὶ οἱ τελῶναι τὸ αὐτὸ ποιοῦσιν; Mt 5:46. Cp. vs. 47; 6:25; 10:29; Lk 6:39; 12:6; 15:8; 17:17 (v.l. οὐχ); 24:26; J 11:9; Ro 3:29; 1 Cor 1:20; Hb 1:14; 1 Cl 31:2; D 1:3. ἀλλʼ οὐχὶ ἐρεῖ αὐτῷ … ; will he not rather say to him … ? Lk 17:8. ἢ οὐχὶ … ; 1 Cl 46:6.—διὰ τί οὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἀδικεῖσθε; 1 Cor 6:7a; cp. vs. 7b. πῶς οὐχὶ … ; (1 Esdr 4:32; Just., D. 18, 3; 89, 3) Ro 8:32.—DELG s.v. οὐ. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > οὐχί

  • 8 μουσ̃α

    μουσ̃α
    Grammatical information: f.
    Meaning: `Muse', Goddess of song and poetry (usu. in plur.), also metaphor. `song, music, poetry' (IA., Il.)
    Other forms: Aeol. μοῖσα, Dor. μῶσα, Lac. μῶἁ (Ar.).
    Compounds: Many compp., e.g. μουσ-ηγέτης, Aeol. μοισ-αγέτας m. `who leads (the) Muses' = Apollon (Pi., Att.; Chantraine Études 88 f.), ἄ-μουσος `without Muses, unformed etc.' (IA.) with ἀμουσ-ία `lack of education' (E., Pl.).
    Derivatives: A. Subst. 1. μουσ-εῖον `seat of the Muses, school for higher education, Museum' (Att.), Lat. mūsēum, - īum, also `sculpture of motley stones, mosaic'; from there late Gr. μουσῖον `id.' (W-.Hofmann s.v. w. lit.). -- 2. Μουσα-ϊσταί m. pl. `guild of adorers of the Muses' (Rhod.; as Έρμαϊσταί a.o., Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 177). -- 3. μούσωνες οἱ κορυφαῖοι τῶν μαγείρων, καὶ οἱ τεχνῖται H.; "to whom the Muses go at heart ", with Μουσώνιος, - ία (if not Etrusc.; Solmsen Wortforsch. 49). -- 4. μουσάριον name of an eye-salve (Alex. Trall.). -- B. Adj. 1. μουσικός `of the Muses-, musical, well educated' with μουσική ( τέχνη) `music, poetry, mental formation' (Pi., IA.; Chantraine Études [s. Index]), - ικεύομαι `cultivate music ' (Duris, S. E., sch.). -- 2. μοισ-αῖος `regarding the Muses' (Pi.). -- 3. μούσ-ειος `id.' (E., AP). -- C. Verbs: 1. μουσόομαι `be led and educated by the Muses, be formed harmonically' (Ar., Phld., Plu.), - όω `endow with music' (Ph.; ἐκ- μουσ̃α E. Ba. 825. κατα- μουσ̃α Jul.), `ornate with mosaics' (Tralles) with μουσωτής `mosaic-worker' (Syria VIp); prob. backformation to μουσῖον (s. above). -- 2. μουσ-ίζομαι (E.), - ίσδω (Theoc.) `sing, play' with μουσικτάς ψάλτης, τεχνίτης H. -- 3. μουσ-ιάζω `id.' (Phld.).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: As the original, appellative meaning of μοῦσα is unknown and the antique traditions on the Muses do not allow certain conclusions on the name (cf. v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 250 f., Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 253 ff.), we only can make guesses about the etymology. -- It may be a formed with -ι̯α to a noun with possible bases *μόντι̯α, *μόνθι̯α. The explanations often connect μένος, μέμονα etc.: from *μόν-τι̯α (Brugmann IF 3, 253ff.), morpholog. difficult, s. Wackernagel KZ 33, 571 ff. (= Kl. Schr. 2, 1204ff.); from *μόν-σα (Lasso de la Vega Emer. 22, 66 ff. with extensive treatment and criticism of predecessors), phonet. difficult; from *μόνθ-ι̯α to μενθήρη, μανθάνω (Ehrlich KZ 41, 287 ff. with further, in eny case wrong connection of Skt. mán-thati `stir'); so μοῦσα prop. "mental excitement"; rejected by Meillet Les dial. indoeur. (Paris 1908) 83, but carefully agreeing Kretschmer Glotta 1, 385; from *μῶ-ντ-ι̯α \> *μόντ-ι̯α, ptc. of μῶσθαι supposedly `meditate', but rather `strive, aim' (Fick KZ 46, 82 with Pl. Kra. 406 a); against this WP. 2, 271; from *μόντ-ι̯α as "mountain-woman, mountain-nymph" (Wackernagel l.c.); but Lat. mons is not found in Greek; rejected a.o. by W.-Hofmann s. mōns. -- Older views in Curtius 312. - Not in Fur. It is rather strange that all explanations start from the assumption that the word is IE, whereas it can quite well be of Pre-Greek origin. Does it continue *monty-a?
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μουσ̃α

  • 9 ὄνομαι

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `to scold, to blame, to insult' (Hom., also Hdt.).
    Other forms: Aor. ὀνόσ(σ)ασθαι ( ὤνατο P 25; cf. below), fut. ὀνόσ-σομαι, with κατα- in κατ-ώνοντο, -ονοσθῃ̃ς (Hdt. 2, 172 a. 136).
    Derivatives: Verbal adj. ὀνο-τός (Pi., Call., A. R.), ὀνο-σ-τός (Ι 164, Lyc.; - σ- analogical, s. Schwyzer 503; cf. also below and Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 15); dental formation in ὀνοτ-άζω = ὄνομαι (h. Merc., Hes., A.); ὀνητά μεμπτά H., prob. after the oppositum ἀγητά (if not false for ὀνοστά with Baunack Phil. 70, 464 f.); ὄνοσις f. `blame' (Eust.).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [79] * h₃enh₃- `blame, revile'
    Etymology: All forms except ὤνατο (rather aor. then ipf.), ὄναται ἀτιμάζεται H. and the debated οὔνεσθε (Ω 241) are based on ὀνο- (further Schwyzer 681 w. n. 4, ChantraineGramm. hom. 1, 295f. a. 382); ὀνα- is not an old ablautvariant (Schw. 362, Persson Beitr. 2, 669) but a sec. deviation. -- Without certain non-Greek agreement. Quite hypothetic is the comparison with some Celt. words, e.g. MIr. on `shame', anim (a- reduced grade?) `blemish, fault'. The comparison with the not quite reliable GAv. ptc. nadant- `slandering, reviling' (ἅπ. λεγ.) and with Skt. níndati `blame, revile' (as ní-nd- ati; but rather ní-n-d- ati, s. ὄνειδος and Mayrhofer s. níndati and nádati) is based on the wrong assumption, that ὀνόσσ-ασθαι, - ομαι and ὀνοστός go back on ὀνοδ-, instead of being analogical. Uncertain is connection with Hitt. hanna- `contend, contest' Puhvel, Hitt.Et.Dict. 3, 83. -- Details w. older lit. in Bq, WP. 1, 180, Pok. 779, also W.-Hofmann s. nota. Far remains ὄνομα, s. Bq and W.-Hofmann a. O., also WP. 1, 132. To be rejected also Specht Ursprung 126.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄνομαι

  • 10 κρίνω

    κρίνω (s. κρίμα; Hom.+) fut. κρινῶ; 1 aor. ἔκρινα; pf. κέκρικα; plpf. 3 sg. κεκρίκει (on the lack of augment s. B-D-F §66, 1; W-S. §12, 4; Mlt-H. 190; ἐκεκρίκει Just., D. 102, 2). Pass.: impf. ἐκρινόμην; 1 fut. κριθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐκρίθην; pf. κέκριμαι. Primary mng.: ‘to set apart so as to distinguish, separate’, then by transference
    ① to make a selection, select, prefer (Aeschyl., Suppl. 39 τὶ; Pla., Rep. 3, 399e κρίνειν τινὰ πρό τινος ‘prefer someone to someone’, cp. Phlb. 57e; Himerius, Or. 40 [=Or. 6], 3 κ. τί τινι=select someth. because of someth. [a place because of its size]; κ. τὸ πρακτέον καὶ μὴ πρακτέον Did., Gen. 27, 3) ὸ̔ς μὲν γὰρ κρίνει ἡμέραν παρʼ ἡμέραν the one prefers one day to another Ro 14:5a. In the other half of the sentence ὸ̔ς δὲ κρίνει πᾶσαν ἡμέραν, κ. prob. has the sense recognize, approve (X., Hell. 1, 7, 34 ἔκριναν τὴν τῆς βουλῆς γνώμην) the other holds every day in esteem vs. 5b. Closely associated is mng.
    ② to pass judgment upon (and thereby seek to influence) the lives and actions of other people
    ⓐ judge, pass judgment upon, express an opinion about Mt 7:1a, 2a; Lk 6:37a; 1 Cl 13:2; Pol 2:3 (Sextus 183 ὁ κρίνων ἄνθρωπον κρίνεται ὑπὸ τ. θεοῦ). κ. δικαίως D 4:3; B 19:11. κ. κατʼ ὄψιν by the outward appearance J 7:24a. κατὰ τὴν σάρκα 8:15. τὴν δικαίαν κρίσιν κ. pass a right judgment 7:24b (on the expr. cp. Dt 16:18). This is perh. the place for 1 Pt 4:6 ἵνα κριθῶσιν κατὰ ἀνθρ. (s. ESelwyn, comm. ad loc. ref. to Lghtf.; cp. Wsd 3:4).
    ⓑ esp. pass an unfavorable judgment upon, criticize, find fault with, condemn (Epict. 2, 21, 11) Ro 2:1abc, 3; 14:3f, 10, 13a (a play on words, w. κρίνειν used in two different mngs. in the same vs.; s. 4 below on vs. 13b); Col 2:16; Js 4:11, 12; D 11:12. μή τι κρίνετε do not pronounce judgment on anything 1 Cor 4:5. ἱνατί γὰρ ἡ ἐλευθερία μου κρίνεται ὑπὸ ἄλλης συνειδήσεως; why is my freedom (of action) to be unfavorably judged by another person’s scruples? 1 Cor 10:29. μακάριος ὁ μὴ κρίνων ἑαυτόν happy is the one who finds no fault w. himself Ro 14:22.—Also of a human judgment directed against God ὅπως ἂν νικήσεις ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε that you may win when you are judged Ro 3:4 (OMichel in KEK prefers active sense); 1 Cl 18:4 (both Ps 50:6).
    ③ to make a judgment based on taking various factors into account, judge, think, consider, look upon w. double acc. of the obj. and the predicate (Soph., Oed. R. 34; Pla., Rep. 9, 578b and s. Cebes 39, 4; 3 Macc 2:33; Just., D. 112, 1) οὐκ ἀξίους κρίνετε ἑαυτούς you do not consider yourselves worthy Ac 13:46 (Jos., Ant. 6, 159 ὸ̔ν αὐτὸς τ. βασιλείας ἄξιον ἔκρινεν; EpArist 98); cp. PtK 3 p. 15, 17. τὰ ὑστερήματα αὐτῶν ἴδια ἐκρίνετε you considered their shortcomings as your own 1 Cl 2:6. Pass. (Thu. 2, 40, 3; Jos., Ant. 4, 193) τί ἄπιστον κρίνεται παρʼ ὑμῖν; why do you think it is incredible? Ac 26:8 (Jos., Ant. 18, 76 ἄπιστα αὐτὰ κρίνειν).—Foll. by acc. w. inf. (Pla., Gorg., 452c, Rep. 9, 578b; X., An. 1, 9, 5; 28) κεκρίκατέ με πιστὴν … εἶναι Ac 16:15.—W. inf. foll. κρίνω μὴ παρενοχλεῖν τοῖς κτλ. 15:19.—Foll. by τοῦτο ὅτι 2 Cor 5:14.—W. direct quest. foll. ἐν ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς κρίνατε judge, decide for yourselves 1 Cor 11:13.—W. indirect quest. foll. (Thu. 4, 130, 7 κρίναντες ἐν σφίσιν αὐτοῖς, εἰ … ; X., Cyr. 4, 1, 5) εἰ δίκαιόν ἐστιν, ὑμῶν ἀκούειν μᾶλλον ἢ τοῦ θεοῦ, κρίνατε decide whether it is right to obey you rather than God Ac 4:19.—κρίνατε ὑμεῖς ὅ φημι pass your own judgment on what I say 1 Cor 10:15.—ὀρθῶς ἔκρινας you have judged rightly Lk 7:43.
    ④ to come to a conclusion after a cognitive process, reach a decision, decide, propose, intend (Isocr. 4, 46; Polyb. 3, 6, 7; 5, 52, 6; 9, 13, 7; Epict. 2, 15, 7; Appian, Bell. Civ. 14, 118 §497 ὅταν οἱ θεοὶ κρίνωσιν; LXX) τί οὖν θέλετε, κρίνατε (restored) so decide now what you wish (to be done); w. inf. (Diod S 4, 33, 10; 17, 95, 1; UPZ 42, 37 [162 B.C.]; PTebt 55, 4 [II B.C.] ἔκρινα γράψαι; PLond III, 897, 11 p. 207 [84 A.D.]; 1 Macc 11:33; 3 Macc 1:6; Jdth 11:13; Wsd 8:9; Jos., Ant.7, 33; 12, 403; 13, 188; Did., Gen. 179, 7) Ac 3:13; 20:16; 25:25; 1 Cor 2:2; 5:3; Tit 3:12. W. τοῦ and inf. (B-D-F §397, 2) ἐκρίθη τοῦ ἀποπλεῖν ἡμᾶς Ac 27:1. ἐπεὶ ἤδη σεαυτῷ κέκρικας τοῦ μὴ δύνασθαι τὰς ἐντολὰς ταύτας ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπου φυλαχθῆναι since you have already decided in your own mind that these commandments cannot be kept by anyone Hm 12, 3, 6.—W. acc. and inf. (2 Macc 11:25, 36; 3 Macc 6:30; TestSol 10:8; SibOr 3, 127; Just., D. 102, 2) Ac 21:25 (even in the substantially different rdgs.). τοῦτο κέκρικεν …, τηρεῖν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ παρθένον he has determined this, namely to keep his fiancée (pure and undefiled) 1 Cor 7:37 (s. s.v. γαμίζω 2; Diod S 4, 73, 2 of a father: κρίναι ταύτην [i.e. his daughter] παρθένον διαφυλάττειν). τοῦτο κρίνατε μᾶλλον, τὸ μὴ τιθέναι πρόσκομμα but rather decide this, (namely) to give no offense Ro 14:13b. ἔκρινα ἐμαυτῷ τοῦτο, τὸ … ἐλθεῖν 2 Cor 2:1. τὰ δόγματα τὰ κεκριμένα ὑπὸ τ. ἀποστόλων Ac 16:4 (cp. Polyb. 5, 52, 6 πράξας τὸ κριθέν; Epict. 2, 15, 7 τοῖς κριθεῖσιν ἐμμένειν δεῖ).
    ⑤ to engage in a judicial process, judge, decide, hale before a court, condemn, also hand over for judicial punishment, freq. as a legal t.t. (in a forensic sense Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX).
    ⓐ of a human court
    α. act. and pass. abs. Ac 13:27. W. adv. GPt 3:7. κ. τινά: κατὰ τὸν νόμον J 18:31; Ac 23:3; 24:6 v.l. οὐδὲ ἐγὼ κρίνω ὑμᾶς GJs 16:3. Of the right of the apostle and the church to judge believers 1 Cor 5:12ab. μὴ ὁ νόμος ἡμῶν κρίνει τὸν ἄνθρωπον; does our law (personified) judge a person? J 7:51 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 50 §205 certain senators desire that before Mark Antony is declared a public enemy he should be brought to trial, ὡς οὐ πάτριον σφίσιν ἀκρίτου καταδικάζειν ‘on the ground that it was not their ancestral custom to condemn someone without a hearing’). ἐκ τ. στόματός σου κρινῶ σε I will punish you on the basis of your own statement Lk 19:22. Pass. Ac 25:10. κρίνεσθαι ἐπί τινι be on trial because of a thing 26:6 (Appian, Basil. 12 κρινόμενος ἐπὶ τῷδε=be brought to trial because of this thing; likew. Iber. 55 §233; Ath. 2, 3; of God ApcrEzk Fgm. d). Also περί τινος (Diod S 12, 30, 5) 23:6; 25:20; w. addition of ἐπί w. gen. of the court of judicature before someone (schol. on Hes., Op. 9) 24:21; 25:9; D 11:11.—τί δὲ καὶ ἀφʼ ἑαυτῶν οὐ κρίνετε τὸ δίκαιον; Lk 12:57, which leads over into the sphere of jurisprudence (vs. 58), means: why cannot you yourselves decide what is right? (cp. the prayer for vengeance fr. Amorgos [BCH 25, 1901 p. 416; Dssm., LO 94=LAE 118] ἐπάκουσον, θεά, καὶ κρῖναι τὸ δίκαιον; cp. Appian, Mithrid. 89 §403 κρίνειν τὴν μάχην=decide the battle; Just., A II, 15, 5).
    β. mid. and pass.: ‘dispute, quarrel, debate’, also go to law (so Thu. 4, 122, 4 δίκῃ κρίνεσθαι; Hos 2:4 al. in LXX; TestSol 4:4ff D; Mel., P. 101, 773) τινί with someone (Job 9:3; 13:19) Mt 5:40; B 6:1 (Is 50:8); μετά τινος (Vi. Aesopi W 76 κριθῆναί με μετὰ τῆς κυρίας μου ἐπὶ σοί=I am pleading my case with my mistress before you; Eccl 6:10) 1 Cor 6:6. ἐπί τινος before someone (as judge) vs. 1 (on the beginning of 1 Cor 6 cp. the decree of Alexander to the Greeks in Ps.-Callisth. 2, 21, 21: βούλομαι δὲ μὴ ἐν ἑαυτοῖς κρίνειν ὅσον τις ὑμῶν ἔχει πρὸς ἕτερον, οὐδὲ ἐφʼ οὗ βούλεσθε=it is my wish [will] that you are not to go to law among yourselves, no matter what any of you may have against another, nor before anyone you wish).
    ⓑ of the divine tribunal
    α. occupied by God or Christ: abs. administer justice, judge J 5:30; 8:16, 50; cp. vs. 26; Rv 6:10; B 5:7. Pass. be judged Mt 7:1b, 2b; Lk 6:37b; Rv 11:18.—W. acc. foll. (PGM 4, 1013 of Horus ὁ κρίνων τὰ πάντα) J 5:22; 8:15b. τοὺς ἔξω 1 Cor 5:13. ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς judge the living and the dead 2 Ti 4:1; 1 Pt 4:5; B 7:2. τὰ κρυπτὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων Ro 2:16. τὸν κόσμον B 4:12 (TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 10 [Stone p. 32]; ApcEsdr 3:3 p. 27, 8 Tdf.). τὴν οἰκουμένην Ac 17:31; AcPl Ha 9, 29. κ. κατὰ τὸ ἑκάστου ἔργον judge each one by what that person does 1 Pt 1:17; cp. Rv 20:13. ἐκρίθησαν οἱ νεκροὶ ἐκ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τοῖς βιβλίοις κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν the dead were judged by what was written in the books (of life and of death), in accordance w. their deeds vs. 12; δικαίως κ. judge uprightly (Sotades [280 B.C.] Fgm. 11, 2 Diehl2 II 6 p. 191 [in Stob. 4, 34, 8 vol. V p. 826, 5=Coll. Alex. p. 243] ὁ παντογενὴς … οὐ κρίνει δικαίως) 1 Pt 2:23; B 19:11. Also ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ Rv 19:11. διὰ νόμου κρίνεσθαι be judged on the basis of the law Js 2:12.—Oft. the emphasis is unmistakably laid upon that which follows the Divine Judge’s verdict, upon the condemnation or punishment: condemn, punish (opp. σῴζειν as TestJud 24:6; Mel., P. 104, 810; cp. ApcEsdr 1, 11 p. 25, 3 Tdf. ἐμὲ κρῖνον ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν) J 3:17; cp. 18ab; 12:47ab, 48a; cp. 48b; Ac 7:7 (Gen 15:14); Dg 7:5f (opp. ἀγαπᾶν). διὰ νόμου κ. punish on the basis of the law Ro 2:12.—3:6f; 1 Cor 11:31f (here of the temporal punishment which God brings upon sinners); 2 Th 2:12; Hb 10:30 (κρινεῖ κύριος τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ the Lord will judge = punish his people is derived fr. Dt 32:36=Ps 134:14, where the judgment of God is spoken of, resulting in the vindication of the innocent [the thought prominent in the two OT pass.] and the punishment of the guilty [the thought prominent in the Hb pass.]); 13:4; Js 5:9; for 1 Pt 4:6 s. 2a above; Rv 18:8; 19:2; B 15:5.—W. the punishment given κ. διὰ πυρός 1 Cl 11:1; διὰ τῶν μαστίγων 17:5. κεκριμένοι ἤδη τῷ θανάτῳ already condemned to death B 10:5. Also εἰς θάνατον condemned to death Hs 9, 18, 2. οἱ κρινόμενοι ἀσεβεῖς the godless, who are condemned 2 Cl 18:1. Of the devil ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου κέκριται J 16:11.—ταῦτα ἔκρινας you have imposed these punishments Rv 16:5.—On κρίνειν τὸ κρίμα 18:20 s. κρίμα 4.
    β. occupied by those who have been divinely commissioned to judge: the 12 apostles judge the 12 tribes Mt 19:28; Lk 22:30 (PBatiffol, RB n.s. 9, 1912, 541–43. But here κ. could have the broader sense rule; cp. 4 Km 15:5; Ps 2:10; 1 Macc 9:73; PsSol 17:29). κρινεῖ ἡ ἐκ φύσεως ἀκροβυστία … σέ the one who is physically uncircumcised will sit in judgment upon you Ro 2:27. οἱ ἅγιοι as judges of the cosmos 1 Cor 6:2ab (κρίνεσθαι ἐν: Diod S 19, 51, 4.—On the saints as co-rulers with God cp. Epict., Ench. 15; Sallust. 21 p. 36, 14) as well as of the angels vs. 3 (cp. Da 7:22).
    ⑥ to ensure justice for someone, see to it that justice is done (LXX) τινί to someone 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:17).—B. 1428. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κρίνω

  • 11 φιλέω

    φῐλέω, [dialect] Aeol. [full] φίλημμι Sapph.79, cf. Ead. Oxy. 1787 Fr.1 + 2.24; [ per.] 2sg. φίλησθα Ead.22; late [ per.] 3pl.
    A

    φίλεισι Epigr.Gr.990.12

     (Balbill.): [dialect] Boeot. [full] φίλειμι Hdn.Gr.2.930: [dialect] Ep. inf.

    φιλήμεναι Il.22.265

    : [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.

    φιλέεσκε 3.388

    , al.: [tense] fut. φιλήσω, [dialect] Ep. inf.

    φιλησέμεν Od.4.171

    : [tense] aor. 1

    ἐφίλησα Pi.P.2.16

    , etc.: [tense] pf. πεφίληκα ib. 1.13:—[voice] Med., Poet. 1 [tense] aor. ἐφῑλάμην; [ per.] 3sg. ἐφίλατο, φίλατο, Il.5.61, 20.304, Call.Aet.Oxy. 2080.55; [ per.] 3pl.

    φίλαντο Lyc.274

    ; imper.

    φῖλαι Il.5.117

    , 10.280; subj.

    φίλωνται h.Cer. 117

    , Hes.Th.97; but φίλατο as [voice] Pass., A.R.3.66; also part.

    φιλάμενος IG14.1549

     ([place name] Rome):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. [voice] Med. φιλήσομαι in pass. sense, Od.1.123, 15.281, Antipho 1.19: [tense] fut. 3

    πεφιλήσομαι Call. Del. 270

    : [tense] aor.

    ἐφιλήθην E.Hec. 1000

    , Pl.Phdr. 253c: [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.

    ἐφίληθεν Il.2.668

    : [tense] pf.

    πεφίλημαι Pi.N.4.45

    , X.An.1.9.28; [dialect] Dor. part.

    πεφιλᾱμένος Theoc. 3.3

    . [[pron. full] ῐ exceptin the forms ἐφίλατο, φῑλατο, etc.]: ([etym.] φίλος):— love, regard with affection, opp. μισεῖν, Pl.R. 334c, Arist.Rh. 1380b34;

    φιλήσω τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἀθηναίων IG12.15.36

    ; (on its relation to sexual love v. infr. 3); of the love of gods for men,

    φ. δέ ἑ μητίετα Ζεύς Il. 2.197

    ; πέρι γάρ μ' ἐφίλει (of the love of the master for his swineherd) Od.14.146; (also

    ὃν περὶ κῆρι φ. Ζεὺς.. παντοίην φιλότητα Od.15.245

    , cf. Il.9.117);

    μάλα τούς γε φ. ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων Il.16.94

    ;

    εἰ.. Ἕκτορά περ φιλέεις καὶ κήδεαι αὐτοῦ 7.204

    , etc.; of love for a child reared, Od. 15.370;

    αἰ δὲ μὴ φίλει, ταχέως φιλήσει κωὐκὶ θέλοισα Sapph.1.23

    ;

    λόγοις φιλοῦσαν οὐ στέργω φίλην S.Ant. 543

    ;

    φιλέων φιλέοντα Pi.P.10.66

    ;

    ὃν δ' ἐχρῆν φιλεῖν στυγεῖς A.Ch. 907

    ;

    μάλιστά σ'.. ἤχθηρα κἀφίλησ' ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ S.El. 1363

    ;

    ὃν οἱ θεοὶ φιλοῦσιν ἀποθνῄσκει νέος Men.125

    ; ὅσα θεοὶ ἀνθρώποις οὓς φιλοῦσιν [διδόασιν] SIG 985.48 (Philadelphia, i B. C.); οἱ φιλοῦντές τινα his friends, freq. in messages and letters, OGI184.10 (Philae, i B. C.), Ep.Tit.3.15, PSI8.971.30 (iii/iv A. D.), etc.; φιλεῖν ἐμαυτήν, αὑτόν, E.Hel. 999, Med.86, etc.:—[voice] Pass., to be beloved by one,

    ἐκ Διός Il.2.668

    ;

    παρ' αὐτῇ 13.627

    , etc.; τινι E.Hec. 1000.
    2 treat affectionately or kindly, esp. welcome, entertain a guest, Od.4.29, 5.135, Il.3.207, etc.;

    φίλος δ' ἦν ἀνθρώποισιν, πάντας γὰρ φιλέεσκεν ὁδῷ ἔπι οἰκία ναίων Il.6.15

    ;

    ξεῖνον ἐνὶ μεγάροισι φ. Od.8.42

    ;

    ξεῖνον ἄγων ἐν δώμασι.. φιλέειν καὶ τιέμεν 15.543

    , cf. 14.322; θεὸς (i. e. Calypso)

    ἥ με.. ἐφίλει τε καὶ ἔτρεφεν 7.256

    ; τίς ἂν φιλέοντι μάχοιτο; who would quarrel with a kind host? 8.208; etc.:—[voice] Pass., παρ' ἄμμι φιλήσεαι welcome shalt thou be in our house, Od.1.123, cf. 15.281.
    3 opp. ἐρᾶν, τούτους μάλιστά φασι φιλεῖν ὧν ἂν ἐρῶσι regard with affection those for whom they have a passion, Pl.Phdr. 231c;

    ὥστε οὐ μόνον φιλοῖο ἄν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐρῷο ὑπ' ἀνθρώπων X.Hier.11.11

    , cf. Smp.8.21; εἰκὸς τὸ φιλεῖν τοὺς ἐρωμένους Arist.APr. 70a6; but φ. is used of lovers,

    ἥ γ' Εὐρυμάχῳ μισγέσκετο καὶ φιλέεσκεν Od.18.325

    ;

    Λυσίθεος Μικίωνα φιλῖν φησι μάλισστα τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει IG12.924

    ;

    οὐκ ἔστ' ἐραστὴς ὅστις οὐκ ἀεὶ φιλεῖ E.Tr. 1051

    , cf. Hdt.4.176 ([voice] Pass.), Ar.Lys. 905; of the love of man for wife, ὅς τις ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς.. τὴν αὐτοῦ φιλέει ( cherishes her)

    καὶ κήδεται ὡς καὶ ἐγὼ τὴν ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον Il.9.343

    , cf. 486; τὴν αὐτὸς φιλέεσκεν loved and cherished as his wife, ib. 450; but ἐμὲ.. ἀτιμάζει, φιλέει δ' ἀΐδηλον Ἄρηα (Hephaestus speaks of Aphrodite) Od.8.309: Com.,

    ὦ Δῆμ', ἐραστής εἰμι σὸς φιλῶ τέ σε καὶ κήδομαί σου Ar.Eq. 1341

    .
    b of sexual intercourse, Hsch. s.v. βαίνειν.
    4 show outward signs of love, esp. kiss (not in Hom.), φ. τοῖσι στόμασι kiss on the mouth, opp. τὰς παρειὰς φιλέονται, Hdt. 1.134, cf. X.Cyr.1.4.27, Smp.9.5;

    κατὰ τὸ στόμα AP5.284

     (Agath.);

    φιλήσω.. τὸ σὸν κάρα S.OC 1131

    ;

    πατέρα.. περὶ χεῖρε βαλοῦσα φιλήσει A.Ag. 1559

     (anap.), cf. Ar.Av. 671, 674, Pl.Phdr. 255e, Ev.Marc.14.44, etc.: c. dupl. acc., τὸ φίλαμα, τὸ.. τὸν Ἄδωνιν.. ἀποθνάσκοντα φίλασεν the kiss wherewith she kissed him, Mosch.3.69:—[voice] Med., τὰς παρειάς kiss each other's cheeks, Hdt.l.c.
    5 of things as objects of love, like, approve,

    σχέτλια ἔργα Od.14.83

    ;

    ἀοιδάν Pi.N.3.7

    ;

    οὔθ' ἱστῶν ἐφίλησεν ὁδοὺς οὔτε δείπνων.. τέρψιας P.9.18

    , etc.;

    αἰσχροκέρδειαν S.Ant. 1056

    , cf. 312; τὰς λευκοτάτας [μάζας] Telecl. 1.6 (anap.);

    Πράμνιον οἶνον Ephipp.28

    .
    6 of things as the subject,

    ἡσυχία δὲ φιλεῖ συμπόσιον Pi.N.9.48

    ;

    ἢ [μίτρη] μαστοὺς ἐφίλησε Call.Epigr.39

    .
    7 in making a request,

    οἶσθ' ὁτιὴ φιλῶ σ' ἐγώ, κἀμοὶ πιθόμενος ὑπαποκίνει τῆς ὁδοῦ Ar.Av. 1010

    ; so τί πράσσει Φηλικίων ὁ ἀγαθός; φιλῶ σε pray, how goes it with the worthy Felicio? Arr.Epict.1.19.20; so perh. in Herod.1.66, πείσθητί μευ, φιλέω σε (but rather 'I speak as a true friend').
    II after Hom., c. inf., love to do, be fond of doing, and so to be wont or used to do,

    φιλέει ὁ θεὸς τὰ ὑπερέχοντα κολούειν Hdt.7.10

    .

    έ; ἢν ἁμάρτωσι τοῦ πατρικοῦ τύπου.. φιλέουσι διαφθείρεσθαι Democr.228

    ;

    Μοῖσα μεμνᾶσθαι φ. Pi. N.1.12

    , cf. P.3.18;

    φιλεῖ δὲ τίκτειν ὕβρις.. ὕβριν A.Ag. 763

     (lyr.);

    τοῖς θανοῦσί τοι φιλοῦσι πάντες κειμένοις ἐπεγγελᾶν S.Aj. 989

    , etc.; rarely with part. for inf.,

    φιλεῖς δὲ δρῶσ' αὐτὸ σφόδρα Ar.Pl. 645

    .
    2 of things, events, etc.,

    αὔρη ἀπὸ ψυχροῦ τινος φιλέει πνέειν Hdt.2.27

    ;

    φιλεῖ ὠδῖνα τίκτειν νύξ A.Supp. 769

    ;

    ἐμπόρων ἔπη φ. πλανᾶσθαι S.OC 304

    ;

    φιλεῖ γάρ πως τὰ τοιαῦθ' ἑτέρᾳ τρέπεσθαι Ar.Nu. 813

     (lyr.);

    φιλεῖ μεγάλα στρατόπεδα ἐκπλήγνυσθαι Th.4.125

    ;

    ὃ δὴ φ. ὁ ἔρως ἐμποιεῖν Pl.Smp. 182c

    : esp. with γίγνεσθαι of what usually happens, ἀπὸ πείρης πάντα ἀνθρώποισι φιλέει γίνεσθαι everything comes to man by experience, Hdt.7.9.γ, cf. 7.10.ζ, 7.50, Th.3.42, Isoc.6.104, Pl. R. 494c, al.;

    οἷα φ. γίγνεσθαι Th.7.79

    , cf. Hdt.8.128; without γίγνεσθαι, οἷα δὴ φιλεῖ as is wont, Pl.R. 467b;

    ὁποῖα φ. Luc.Am.9

    .
    3 impers., φιλέει δέ κως προσημαίνειν (sc. ὁ θεός) , εὖτ' ἂν .. Hdt.6.27; ὡς δὴ φιλεῖ.. λόγον ἔχειν ἀνθρώπους as it is usual for.., Plu.Pomp. 73.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > φιλέω

  • 12 αἴθω

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `kindle', Med. intr. `burn (with light)' (Il.)
    Other forms: pres. only.
    Derivatives: αἶθος m. `burning heat' (E.) = Skt. édha- m. `firewood', OHG eit m., OE ād `blaze, pyre'; αἰθός `glowing', also `colour of fire, dark', also αἴθων, - ωνος (Il.) and αἶθοψ (see on the meanings Beekes, Gl. 73, 1995\/6, 15-17). - αἶθος n. `fire' (A. R.) = Skt. édhas- n. `firewood', but the Greek word is late. - αἰθόλικες `pustule, pimple' (Hp., Gal.) (cf. πομφόλυξ `bubble'). αἰθύσσω came to mean also `stir up' (Sapph.); deriv. καταῖθυξ ( ὄμβρος ὁ καταιθύσσων H.); diff. Pisani Paideia 15, 1950, 245f. - αἴθυια f. name of a bird (s. Thompson Birds s. v.), also epithet of Athena, s. Kiock Arch. f. Religionswiss. 18, 127ff. but also Kretschmer Glotta 9, 229f., mostly explained as a colour name, but rather a substratum word (Szemerényi 1964 = Syncope, 207, Beekes 1998 FS Watkins 25 on - υια.). On αἴθουσα `hemlock, Conium maculatum' (Ps.-Dsc.) see CEG 4 (from `black') - On αἰθήρ, αἰθάλη, αἴθουσα see s. vv.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [11] * h₂eidʰ- `kindle'
    Etymology: Old PIE verbal root, of which the zero grade * h₂idʰ- appears in ἰθαρός, ἰθαίνω. Sanskrit has the root form idh-, with a nasal present i-n-ddhé `id.' (of which ἰθαίνω may be a reminiscence). αἶθος m. can be of PIE date, s. above. Av. aēsma- m. `firewood', Lith. íesmė `id.', Lat. aedes, aestas, aestus, Germanic e.g. OHG eit (s. above), ON. eisa f. `burning coals'.
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  • 13 θύω 2

    θύω 2.
    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `offer by burning, sacrifice, slaughter' (Il.); in LSJ θύω Α.
    Other forms: fut. θύσω, aor. θῦσαι (Il.), τυθῆναι (Hdt.), perf. τέθῠκα, τέθῠμαι (Att.),
    Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. ἐκ-, κατα-, προ-, συν-,
    Derivatives: Derivations partly show the older meaning `smoke, incense' (s. below): 1. θῦμα `offer' (IA etc.); 2. ἔκ-, πρό-θυσις from ἐκ-, προ-θύω (late); 3. θυσία s. below on θύτης; 4. θύος n. with θυέστης a. o. `incense', s. v.; 5. θύον `life-tree', s. v.; 6. θυητά n. pl. `incense' (Aret.; on the formation cf. θυηλη s.v.); 7. θυ(ε)ία f. `strong smelling ceder, thuya' with θυῖον n. `resin' (Thphr.); formation unclear; to θύος (s. v.)? 8. θύτης m. `offerer' (hell.; ἐκ-θύτης from ἐκ-θύω E.); θύτας (Thess.), with θυτεῖον `offerplace' (Aeschin.), θυτικός `belonging to an offer' (hell., directly from θύω), θυσία `offer, offerfeast' (h. Cer.; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 224, Porzig Satzinhalte 200); from there θυσιάζω `offer' with θυσίασμα, - αστήριος, - ον; 9. θυτήρ m. `id.' (trag.) with θυτήριον `sacrificial animal' (E.), also `altar', name of the constellation Ara (Arat.; Scherer Gestirnnamen 192); 10. θύστας ὁ ἱερεὺς παρὰ Κρησί H., f. θυστάς, - άδος `belonging to the sacrifice' (A., S.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 182; 2, 37, E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 85); 11. θύστρα n. = θύματα (Kos); 12. θυ\<σ\> τηρίοις θυμιατηρίοις H.; 13. θυσμικός `regarding the sacrifice' ( ἔτος; Paros, Tenos); the - σ- in the last words hardly with Schulze Q. 320 n. 1 and Fraenkel l. c. from the σ-stem in θύος, but rather with Solmsen KZ 29, 114 analogical [to what?] (cf. μύστης a. o.). - With λ-, resp. μ-suffix in θυηλη, θυμός, θύμον, [not in θυμάλωψ], s. vv.; with μελ-suffix (Frisk Eranos 41, 51) θῠμέλη `hearth, altar' (trag.; not with Aly Glotta 5, 60ff. prop. "practice-ground" from 1. θύω `storm') with θυμελικός.
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: The regular stemformation of θύω will be the resultof inner-Greek adjustment. The original paradigma can no longer be reconstructed. As the nearest parallel is given Lat. suf-fiō, - īre `incense', explained from *-dhu̯-ii̯ō, which is of course very far away. - It is often supposed that 1. θύω and 2. θύω were originally identical, but this is far from clear; one assumes a development like `stieben, stäuben, wirbeln, stürmen, rauchen' v. t., but this can well be wrong. The different languages show a mass of formations and meanings which can no longer be interpreted, see Pok. 261-267, (268-271). - S. further τύφω. θάνατος, θολός, ἀθύρω have nothing to do with our verb.- P. Pagot, RPh LXXV (2001) 144 connects Hitt. tuhhae `pant, sigh' from * dʰ(e)uh₂-, which is however very far as regards the meaning.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θύω 2

  • 14 κλέπτω

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `steal, conceal, do secretly, cheat, deceive'.
    Other forms: Aor. κλέψαι (Il.), pass. κλεφθῆναι (Hdt., E.), κλαπῆναι (Th., Pl.), ptc. κλεπείς (pap. IIp), fut. κλέψω (h. Merc.), perf. κέκλοφα (Att.), ptc. κεκλεβώς (Andania Ia; hyperdialectic?, Schwyzer 722), midd. κέκλεμμαι (S.), κέκλαμμαι (Ar.),
    Compounds: also with prefix as ἀπο-, ἐκ-, δια-, ὑπο-. As 2. member in βοῦ-κλεψ (S. Fr. 318), as 1. member in governing compounds, e. g. κλεψί-φρων `guileful' (Hermes, h. Merc.); from κλέψαι, cf. Knecht Τερψίμβροτος 38, Zumbach Neuerungen 21; on κλεψύδρα s. v.
    Derivatives: A. With ε-vowel: κλέπος n. `theft' (Sol. ap. Poll. 8, 34). 2. κλέμμα `theft, deceit, ruse of war' (Att.) with κλεμμάδιος `stolen' (Pl.; after ἀμφάδιος, κρυπτάδιος, Chantraine Formation 39). 3. κλεπία κλοπή (Phot.). 4. κλέπτης m. `thieve' (Il.), superl. κλεπτίστατος (Ar.; Leumann Mus. Helv. 2, 10ff.). Diminut. κλεπτίσκος (Eup.), - τάριον (Charis.), joking Patronym. κλεπτίδης (Pherecr.); fem. κλέπτις (Alciphr.), κλέπτρια (Sotad. Com.; formally from κλεπτήρ, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 75); adj. κλεπτικός `thievish' (Pl., Luc.); abstract κλεπτο-σύνη `thievishness' (τ 396, Man.; Porzig Satzinhalte 226, Wyss - συνη 25). 5. κλεπτήρ `thieve' (Man.; cf. Fraenkel 1, 75). 6. κλέπιμος `smuggled' (pap. IIIa; hardly with Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 100 to the old and rare κλέπος but rather from κλόπιμος with ε after κλέπτω); 7. κλεψιμαῖος `won through theft' (LXX; juridical term, Chantraine Mél. Maspero 2, 220; *κλέψις only as 1. member). - B. With ο-vowel. 1. κλοπή `theft, secret act' (trag., att.) with κλοπαῖος `won through theft' (Att.), κλόπιμος `id., thievish' (Ps.-Phoc.), - ιμαῖος = κλεψιμαῖος (s. above; Luc., Ant. Lib.), κλοπικός `thievish' (Hermes, Pl. Kra. 407e; cf. Chantraine Ét. sur le vocab. gr. 142); ἐπί-κλοπος `deceitful' (Il.; Porzig Satzinhalte 249) with ἐπικλοπίη (Nonn.); Έπικλόπειος surn. of Zeus (H.); ὑπό-κλοπος, s. below 2. κλοπός `thieve' (h. Merc. 276, Opp.) with κλόπιος `deceitful, thievish' (ν 295, AP, APl.). 3. κλοπεύς `thieve, secret author' (S.) with κλοπεύω `plunder' (App.), κλοπεία (Str.; v. l. - ω-), - εῖον `stolen good' (Max.). 4. iteratives present ὑπο-κλοπέοιτο `conceal oneself' (χ 382; ὑπο-κλέπτειν Pi., ὑπό-κλοπος `deceitful, false' B.; cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 524). - C. With ω-vowel. 1. κλώψ `thieve' (Hdt., E., X.) with κλωπικός `secretly' (E. Rh. 205 a. 512; Chantraine Ét. 119), κλωπήϊος `id.' (A.R., Max.), κλωπεύω (X., Luc.), - εία (Att.); 2. iteratives present κλωπάομαι = κλέπτομαι (H.).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [604] * klep- `steal'
    Etymology: With the aorist κλέψαι agrees exactly Lat. clepsī; against the τ-(Jot-)present κλέπτω Latin and Germanic have a prob. older (Schwyzer 704) thematic root present Lat. clepō = Goth. hlifan `steal'. An isolated nominal deriv. is perh. preserved in MIr. cluain `deceit, flattery' \< * klop-ni-. Note with diff. anlaut Lith. slepiù, slẽpti `conceal'; from skl-?, or rather a cross or rhyming formation? - Not to καλύπτω (s. v.). W.-Hofmann s. clepō, Feist Vgl. Wb. d. got. Spr. s. hlifan.
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  • 15 κόλπος

    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `bosom, lap, gulf, bay, vale, womb' (Il.), also `fistulous ulcer under the skin' with κολπάριον `id.' (medic.).
    Compounds: As 2. member e. g. in βαθύ-κολπος `with folds of the garment falling down deep' (Il.).
    Derivatives: κολπώδης `bosom-like, full of bays' (E., Plb.); κολπίας `swelling in folds' ( πέπλος, A. Pers. 1060), `wind blowing from the bay', ἐγκολπίας `id.' (Arist.); Κολπίτης m. old name of Phoenicia (Steph. Byz.), pl. "inhabitants of the coast", name of an uncivilised people on the Red Sea (Philostr.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 23, cf. also below on διακολπιτεύω); κολπόομαι, - όω `form a fold' (B., Hp.) with κόλπωσις, - ωμα `folding', - ωτός `folded'. Several prefixed forms in diff. functions; most hell.: ἐγ-, ἐπι-, ὑπο-κόλπιος, ἀνα-, ἐγ-, ἐπι-κολπόω, ἐγ-, κατα-, περι-κολπίζω etc. However ( δια-)κολπιτεύω `smuggle' ( PTeb. 709, 9; 14; IIa) hardly with Olsson Eranos 48, 157 to κόλπος `bosom', but rather to the people's-name Κολπῖται "inhabit. of the coast" (s. a.); thus ἔλαιον κολπιτικόν ( PTeb. 38, 12 u. 125; IIa) `smuggle-oil'.
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: As κόλπος may stand for *κϜόλπος (s. Schwyzer 302, Lejeune Traité de phon. 72 n. 3), κόλπος can be connected with Germ. NHG wölben, as verbal noun (*"vaulting") to the in MHG walb `vaulted', OWNo, holfinn `id.' preserved primary verb, with as causative OWNo. huelfa, OHG (h)welben `vault', OE bi-hwelbian `vault above'. But for the gender κόλπος would be identical with OWNo. hualf, OE hwealf f. `vault' (Zupitza Die germ. Gutturale 54). But the comparison with OE heofon-hwealf `vault of heaven': αἰθέρος κόλποι (Pi. O. 13, 88) says nothing on the etymology, as the poetical Gr. expression is based on the idea of bosom. - Other connections, with Lat. calpar `earthen wine-vessel', culcita `cushion' etc. (s. W.-Hofmann s. vv., also Bq) have no value; wrong also Mann Lang. 17, 14. - From κόλπος VLat. colphus \> Ital. golfo.
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  • 16 ὀρύσσω

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `to dig (up, in, out), to scrape, to bury'.
    Other forms: att. - ττω, late - χω (Arat.), ipv. - γε (Seriphos), aor. ὀρύξαι, fut. ὀρύξω (Hom.), pass. aor. ὀρυχθῆναι, fut. ὀρυχθήσομαι, perf. ὀρώρυγμαι (IA.; w. prefix κατ-ώρυγμαι). Act. ὀρώρυχα (Att.), Aor. 2. ὀρυγεῖν, pass. ὀρυγῆναι (late).
    Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. κατ-, δι-, ἀν-, περι-.
    Derivatives: 1. backformation ὄρυξ, - υγος m. `pickaxe' (AP), usu. name of an Egyptian and Libyan (also Indian) gazelle or antelope (Arist., LXX), seemingly after the pointed horns, but rather folketym. transformed LW [loanword]; also name of a great fish (Str.; s. Thompson Fishes s.v.). Of the prefixcompp. κατ-ῶρυξ (ω comp. length.), - υχος `buried, dug in, underground', as subst. f. `grave' (trag.); dat. pl. κατω-ρυχέεσσι ( λάεσσι, λίθοισι ζ 267, ι 185), rather metr. enlarged than from κατωρυχής; δι-ῶρυξ, - υχος, late mostly - υγος f. `ditch, channel, mine' (Ion., Th., Tab. Heracl., pap.). 2. ( δι-, ὑπ-)όρυγμα n. `hole, grave' (IA.); 3. ὀρυγμός m. `id.' (Priene). 4. ( δι-)ορυχή f. (- ωρ-) `the digging' (D., Delos), also - γή (LXX). 5. ( κατ-, ἐπ-, ὑπ-)όρυξις f. `id.' (Arist.). 6. ὀρυκτή f. = ὄρυγμα (Ph.). 7. ὀρυκ-τήρ m. `miner' (Zeno Stoic.), - της m. `digger, tool for digging' (Aesop., Str.); ( δι-) ορυκτρίς f. adjunct of χελώνη `mine protection roof' (Poliorc.). 8. ὀρυγεύς fossorium (Gloss.).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [868] * h₃reu-k-? `dig up, grub'
    Etymology: The general basis of all verbal forms and derived nouns is a stem ὀρυχ-; the media in ὀρυγ- is secondary (cf. Schwyzer 715 a. 760); secondary is also the present ὀρύχω (Schw. 684 f.). -- Without exact agreement outside Greek. As ὀ- can be `prothetic', we can explain the primary yot-present ὀρύσσω from *ὀρυχ-ι̯ω \< * h₃rugh- and compare the nasalinfixed secondary formation Lat. runcō, - āre `weed out, root up', to which a.o. runcō, - ōnis m. `weeding hook', as well as Latv. rūkēt `dig, scrape'; also the primary Skt. luñcati `pluck off' (with l from IE r) can belong here. To be considered further several isolated verbal nouns, esp. from Celtic, e.g. Ir. rucht (\< * ruk-tu-) `swine', pop. *"grubber"; from Alban. rrah `excavation, reclaimed land' IE * rouk-so- (Restelli Ist. Lomb. 91, 475). The aspiration, seen only in Greek, can be expressive or analogical. -- (If one separates the velar as a formative element, we can compare οὑροί m. pl. `trench' (s.v.), ὅρος `boundary' ('-furrow'?), the instrument name ὀρυα, poss. also ὀρύα f. `intestine', prop. *"hole"?). Further forms w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 351 ff., Pok. 868ff.
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  • 17 πρόσθε(ν)

    πρόσθε(ν)
    Grammatical information: Adv. a. prep. w. gen.
    Meaning: `ahead, before, formerly, yore; in front of' (Il., IA.)
    Other forms: πρόσθα (Dor. Aeol.), from this πρόθθα (Cret.), πρόστα (Delph.).
    Compounds: Also combined with other adv. (prep.), e.g. ἔμ-προσθε(ν), - θα `in front (of), before' (IA. resp. Dor. Aeol.) with ἐμπρόσθ-ιος `in the front', esp. of bodyparts (Hdt., Att., Arist.), - ίδιος `id.' (A. D., pap.), ἐπί-προσθεν `close before, near' Att., hell.) with ἐπιπροσθ-έω `to be in the way, in front of it, to hinder, to cover' (Hp., hell.), ὑπό-προσθε `just before' (Hp.) with ὑπαπροσθ-ίδιος `earlier (immigrated), older inhabintant' (Locr.).
    Derivatives: πρόσθ-ιος `in the front', esp. of bodyparts (Hdt. as v. l., trag., Arist.; cf. ἐμπρόσθιος above), - ίδιος `id.' (Nonn.), προστ-ίζιος = προσθ-ίδιος `earlier, the former' (El.).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] or GR [a formation built with Greek elements] [000]
    Etymology: Formation in - θε(ν), - θα, because of the meaning and spread hardly with Kretschmer Glotta 1, 55 from πρός, but rather from πρό with analog. - σ- ( πρό-θεν only Greg. Cor.). Example hardly ὄπισθεν, as this seems to stand itself for ὄπι-θεν (rather the other way round ὄπισθεν after πρόσθεν). So after ἔκτοσ-θε(ν), ἔντοσ-θε(ν) (cf. Schwyzer 628) or to πρόσ(σ)-ω (cf. WP. 2, 38)? Extensive Lejeune Adv. en - θεν 333 ff.
    Page in Frisk: 2,601

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πρόσθε(ν)

  • 18 Ζέφυρος

    Ζέφῠρος, ὁ, any
    A westerly wind,

    Βορέης καὶ Ζ., τώ τε Θρῄκηθεν ἄητον Il.9.5

    : coupled with Νότος, 21.334; opp. Εὖρος, Od.5.332, 19.206; Ζ. δυσαής, ἔφυδρος, 5.295, 14.458;

    ψυχρός Arist.Pr. 946a17

    ; but εὐδιεινὸς καὶ ἥδιστος ib. 943b21;

    ὁπότε νέφεα Ζ. στυφελίξῃ Il.11.305

    ; ἅμα πνοιῇ Ζεφύροιο θέοιμεν, of horses, 19.415; later, the due West wind, opp. ἀπηλιώτης, Arist.Mete. 363b12, cf.Mu. 394b26; but rather northwest in Id.Pol. 1290a19. (Prob. cogn. with ζόφος, cf. ζοφόπνοια.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > Ζέφυρος

  • 19 ὑπό

    ὑπό, ὑπαί (cf. sub): under. — I. adv., underneath, below, beneath, of motion or rest, ὑπὸ δὲ θρῆνυν ποσὶν (‘for the feet’) ἥσει, Il. 14.240; ὑπὸ δὲ θρῆνυς ποσὶν ἦεν, Od. 1.131; χεῦεν ὕπο ῥῶπας, Od. 16.47; often to indicate the position of parts of the body (in ‘plastic’ style as if one were looking at a picture up and down), ὑπὸ γούνατ' ἔλῦσεν (the knees ‘beneath him’), ὑπὸ δ' ἔτρεμε γυῖα, Il. 10.390; sometimes causal, thereunder, thereby, Od. 8.380, Il. 8.4; thus to denote accompaniment in music, λίνον δ' ὑπὸ κᾶλὸν ἄειδεν (to it, the harp), Il. 18.570, Od. 21.411. — II. prep., (1) w. gen., of position or motion; under, out or forth from under; ὑπ' ἀνθερεῶνος ἐλεῖν, κρήδεμνον ὑπὸ στέρνοιο τανύσσαι, Od. 5.346, and thus often w. verbs of hitting; ῥέει κρήνη ὑπὸ σπείους, ‘from beneath,’ Od. 9.141; then of agency, influence, by, through, in consequence of; δαμῆναι, θνήσκειν ὑπό τινος (‘at the hands of’), φεύγειν ὑπό τινος (‘before’), Il. 18.149 ; ὑπ' ἀνάγκης (‘from necessity,’ ‘perforce’), ὑπὸ δείους (‘for’), ὑπὸ φρῖκὸς Βορέω, Il. 23.692. — (2) w. dat., of position, under, and w. verbs of motion when the resulting position of rest is chiefly in mind, πίπτειν, τιθέναι τι ὑπό τινι, χ , Il. 16.378; instrumental or causal, under (not ‘by’ as w. the gen., but rather denoting subjection), ὑπὸ χερσί τινος θανέειν, ὀλέσαι ψῦχήν, γήραι ὕπο ἆρημένος, Od. 11.136; of power, mastery, δέδμητο λᾶὸς ὑπ' αὐτῷ, γ 3, Il. 24.636; and of accompanying circumstances, ὑπὸ πομπῇ (‘under the guidance’), πνοιῇ ὕπο (‘with the breeze’), Od. 4.402. — (3) w. acc., of motion (or extension), under, but often where the idea of motion is quite faint, ζώειν ὑπ' αὐγᾶς ἠελίοιο, thinking of the duration of life, Od. 15.349, Il. 5.267; of time, during, Il. 16.202, Il. 22.102.

    A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ὑπό

  • 20 θείνω

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `slay', also `kill' ( πεφνεῖν, καταθείνω). -
    Other forms: redupl. aor. πε-φν-εῖν (Il.), med. ἐπέφατο (cod. ἀπ-) ἀπέθανεν H.; beside it also, prob. as innovation, the them. root aor. θενεῖν (E., Ar.) and the σ-aor. ptc. θείνας (Υ 481; Schwyzer 755); fut. θενῶ (Ar.), perf. pass. 3. sg. πέφαται, inf. πεφάσθαι (Il.), with fut. pass. πεφήσεται (Ο 140 etc.: Schwyzer 783 A. 4, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 448);
    Compounds: Verbal adj. as 2. member in compp., e. g. ἀρηΐ-φατος (s. also on διφάσιος),
    Derivatives: Beside it φόνος m. `murther', s. v.; cf. also Άργεϊφόντης.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [491] * gʷʰen- `slay'
    Etymology: The full grade themat. yot-present θείνω has an exact formal agreement in Lith. geniù (inf. geneti!!) `cut off branches', IE *guʰen-i̯ō; beside weakgrade OCS žьnjǫ (inf. žęti) `harvest, cut'. Arm. ǰnǰem `wipe off, clean, ' too can phonetically belong here, but differs in meaning. Very doubtful Alb. gjanj `hunt, follow' (s. Pedersen and Jokl in W.-Hofmann s. dēfendō). Older is an Indo-Iranian and Hittite athematic root present, Skt. hánti = Av. ǰainti = Hitt. kuen-zi `he slays, kills', IE *gʷʰén-ti. It was replaced by a thematic root formation: Skt. hanati `slay, fill', Lith. genù ` drive (the cattle on the field), hunt', OCS ženǫ `drive(off), pursue', perhaps also Arm. ǰnem `slay' (but rather denominative from ǰin `stick'). Other formations are OIr. gonim `wound, kill' (iterative) and Lat. dē-, of-fendō (with d-suffix). - The reduplicated aorist too has agreements outside of Greek, e. g. in Indo-Iranian: Av. ava-ǰaγnat_ `he struck' = πέφνε, Skt. ptc. ja-ghn-ant = πεφνόντ-, IE *gʷe-gʷ̯hn-ont-. The perfect formations also agree: Skt. ja-ghā́n-a, 3. pl. ja-ghn-úḥ: πέ-φα-ται, IE *gʷ̯e-gʷhon-, * gʷe-gʷhn-, *gʷe-gʷhn̥-. Verbal adjectives (resp. partic.): Skt hatá- = Av. ǰata- = - φατος, IE *gʷhn̥-to-s. - More forms in Bq s. v., Pok. 491ff. W.-Hofmann s. dēfendō. On the meaning of θείνω etc., prop. euphemistic, Chantraine Sprache 1, 143ff.; also Trümpy Fachausdrücke 92ff.
    Page in Frisk: 1,657-658

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θείνω

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